[governance] Internetistan, or the Bit Boat... a new approach to Internet governance!
Bertrand de La Chapelle
bdelachapelle at gmail.com
Fri Dec 7 12:14:23 EST 2012
Alejandro,
Ostromian Theory applies well to the management of Internet resources as
common pool resources.
When the first ATRT Review began, I reached out to E. Ostrom (still alive
at the time) to try to involve her to explore this topic (consulting
stint). She could not do it but she confirmed to me in an email at the time
that *"Yes, the internet domain name system could be productively thought
of as a CPR"*.
I have always believed this is a valid conceptual framework for a lot of
ICANN-related discussions. Including her eight design principles for stable
CPR management. (possible correlations with DNS and ICANN in blue)
>From Wikipedia: Ostrom identified eight "design principles" of stable local
common pool resource management:
1. Clearly defined boundaries (effective exclusion of external
un-entitled parties); (names and addresses)
2. Rules regarding the appropriation and provision of common resources
that are adapted to local conditions; (policies by ASO, ccNSO and gNSO)
3. Collective-choice arrangements that allow most resource appropriators
to participate in the decision-making process; (PDP and other
decision-making processes involving registries, registrars, RIRs,
registrants, ISPs, ....)
4. Effective monitoring by monitors who are part of or accountable to
the appropriators; (monitoring and compliance functions)
5. A scale of graduated sanctions for resource appropriators who violate
community rules; (accreditation of registrars, breach of registry
agreement, as examples)
6. Mechanisms of conflict resolution that are cheap and of easy
access; (UDRP,
next URS)
7. Self-determination of the community recognized by higher-level
authorities; (more delicate, but Affirmation of Commitments vis-à-vis
the US and participation of governments in GAC)
8. In the case of larger common-pool resources,organization in the form
of multiple layers of nested enterprises, with small local CPRs at the base
level. (the hierarchical and distributed system, both for addresses and
domain names, with subsidiarity responsibility at the different levels)
Certainly, there is more in her work that could help making this even
better working.
Best
B.
On Fri, Dec 7, 2012 at 4:22 PM, Dr. Alejandro Pisanty Baruch <apisan at unam.mx
> wrote:
> Jovan,
>
> thanks for doing a pretty innovative thing here: discussing ideas.
> Further, bringing a fresh approach and actual expertise.
>
> My long-standing concern for analogies between Internet governance and
> the laws of the sea is that the Internet is much more a built environment
> than the sea (not that the sea is all natural and in fixed form forever,
> immune to our contamination and our imagintion.)
>
> So Internet governance refers not only to rules etc. to live on the
> existing Internet, but also has to be useful as guidance in its expansion
> and development. To abuse your analogy, it's not only about shipping,
> fishing, and mining, but also about how to actually make the oceans of
> tomorrow.
>
> That brings you to points like: you can use Ostromian theory to
> understand the tragedy of the commons in fisheries; but can you extend it
> to Internet governance? What are the limitations? Can you address concerns
> from liberals to socialists in a new framework without actually changing
> the salinity or wanting to reverse the flow of the Humboldt current?
>
> Any thoughts?
>
> Yours,
>
> Alejandro Pisanty
>
>
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> ------------------------------
> *Desde:* governance-request at lists.igcaucus.org [
> governance-request at lists.igcaucus.org] en nombre de Jovan Kurbalija [
> jovank at diplomacy.edu]
> *Enviado el:* viernes, 07 de diciembre de 2012 08:37
> *Hasta:* governance at lists.igcaucus.org; McTim
> *Asunto:* Re: [governance] Internetistan, or the Bit Boat... a new
> approach to Internet governance!
>
> Well, we have innovation! With the IGF in Bali, and ICANN on a cruise
> ship, we may have 'beach or floating governance'. Internet governance could
> be fun!
>
> I like the metaphor of the ship since it implies our common destiny. We
> are all passengers of ICANNia or ITUnia or...*?* Metaphors are also
> useful to remove our tunnel vision and make us think more creatively. In
> another metaphor, I hope that Internetistan will resist Absurdistan (here
> is the map of this fast-growing country<http://diplo.smugmug.com/ILLUSTRATIONS/Posters-1/4464706_T4FW6r#%21i=1104113260&k=2GsD8hV&lb=1&s=A>).
>
>
> But back to the current reality. Unfortunately, the ICANN cruise ship
> won't solve the problem of internationalisation. 'Open sea' refers only to
> freedom of navigation. It does not deal with the status of the ship. All
> relations on the ship are regulated by the national law of the ship's flag.
> ICANNia has to be registered somewhere. One solution could be a flag of
> convenience such as Liberia or Panama. What happens on the ICANNia is
> regulated by national law, with no major differences from any other
> land-based entity (company, organisation). Yes, ICANNia can sail in
> whatever direction it wants to sail, but the decision must be made by the
> captain according to the rules of the flag's state. Extrapolating from the
> role of the captain on the ship, the ICANNia would look like military unit.
> The cruise ship metaphor gets even more interesting when we consider
> different classes of cabins, rescue operations, etc.
>
> These thoughts have taken me back to Hugo Grotius's book *Mare Liberum*that established the "open sea" concept four centuries ago as opposed to
> the idea of a *Mare Nostrum*. * *His relevance for our time is sobering.
> If we replace 'sea' with 'Internet' we could have the next book on the
> Internet. Grotius was a very interesting personality.* * Besides being
> one of the first international lawyers, he was one of the founders of the
> 'natural law' school of thought. In addition, he wrote a lot about social
> contract (before Rousseau, Locke, and others). As a matter of fact, his
> social contract theory could be applicable to the Internet.
>
> When it comes to the concept of open sea, Grotius had an interesting
> interplay with the political masters of his era. He believed in open sea,
> but Dutch and British authorities quickly realised the usefulness of his
> doctrine. They had the biggest fleets and had ambitions to develop trade
> and colonial empires. Grotius provided them with the necessary doctrine or
> 'political software'. However, Grotius always argued that 'open sea' needs
> rules and principles in order to be 'open'. Although it was
> counter-intuitive to the leaders of two growing maritime powers, he managed
> to convince them that it was in their best interest to 'tame' their
> comparative powers and ensure the sustainability of their empires beyond
> the 17th century. Everything else has written the history, which proved
> Grotius right. We can draw many parallels, with the necessary caution that
> historical analogies should be handled with care.
>
> While we are waiting for a new Grotius (or Godot), we should review how we
> debate Internet governance issues. Grotius was a great scholar who mastered
> the existing rules before he started changing them. We, on the other hand,
> use well-defined and developed concepts in a relaxed way. A few examples...
>
> As we saw, the frequently used metaphor of the open sea does not translate
> to an open Internet. In many respects, it can lead in the opposite
> direction (Internet Nostrum).
>
> Another example is the role of states' responsibility in the Internet era.
> This is a well-defined concept in international law. If we want states to
> be responsible for whatever is originating in their territories (e.g.
> cyber-attacks, botnets), we have to give them the tools to ensure their
> responsibility (mainly state control, regulation, and surveillance). Most
> writings on state responsibility start from the opposite assumption, i.e.
> the limited role of the state. With all the creativity and imagination in
> the world, we still cannot have it both ways.
>
> The most topical example of the need for evidence-based policy is the case
> of the Red Cross name/emblem at ICANN. There are very clear rules for the
> protection of the Red Cross name/emblem that were adopted some 100 years
> ago and have been followed, without reservation, on national and
> international levels. ICANN was right in protecting the Red Cross name but
> made the mistake of putting it together with organisations that do not
> enjoy the same status (the International Olympic Committee).
>
> Even if we want to change the rules in order to adjust to
> the specificities of the Internet era (if any), we have first to master
> them. I see here an important role for academic and civil society
> communities. If we had advised ICANN to evaluate the Red Cross and IOC
> submissions separately, we could have avoided a lot of policy confusion and
> wasted time.
>
> The GIGANET might consider the evidence-based policy research as the key
> theme for the next meeting?
>
> Regards, Jovan
>
>
> On 12/6/12 3:31 PM, McTim wrote:
>
> All,
>
> If domiciling ICANN in a nation state is problematic, perhaps ICANN
> could buy this cruise ship as a HQ:
>
> http://cruiseship.homestead.com/Cruise-Ship.html
>
> It would help solve the problem of internationalisation, be a permanent
> host for ICANN meetings (2450 berths....saving hotel costs for all) and
> generate revenue intersessionally. It's a 3-fer, plus it's a snip @~ 300
> million USD!!
>
>
> --
> Cheers,
>
> McTim
> "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route
> indicates how we get there." Jon Postel
>
>
> --
>
>
>
> *Jovan Kurbalija, PhD*
>
> Director, DiploFoundation
>
> Rue de Lausanne 56 *| *1202 Geneva *|** *Switzerland
>
> *Tel.* +41 (0) 22 7410435 *| **Mobile.* +41 (0) 797884226
>
> *Email: *jovank at diplomacy.edu *| **Twitter:* @jovankurbalija
>
>
>
>
>
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--
____________________
Bertrand de La Chapelle
Internet & Jurisdiction Project Director, International Diplomatic Academy (
www.internetjurisdiction.net)
Member, ICANN Board of Directors
Tel : +33 (0)6 11 88 33 32
"Le plus beau métier des hommes, c'est d'unir les hommes" Antoine de Saint
Exupéry
("there is no greater mission for humans than uniting humans")
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