No subject


Thu Jan 13 08:49:26 EST 2022


Dispersed vs. centralised
A key point was whether a single decision making space would be more approp=
riate versus a dispersed system whereby the right kind of expertise could b=
e assembled issue by issue. A centralised system could be easier to navigat=
e but a dispersed system had fewer risks for political or corporate capture=
 and enabled issue-based expertise (including from civil society) to engage=
 on specific issues. On balance we felt the risk/benefit of both approaches=
 weighed more on the side of a dispersed model of governance.

Broad participation & role of reformed IGF
Another key point of agreement was in looking for ways to involve as broad =
as possible communities in internet governance. The IGF was seen as an impo=
rtant space for achieving this. For instance, a reformed IGF could act as a=
 central space for learning about and feeding into all internet-related pub=
lic policies within a dispersed system. The reform could entail: a stronger=
 leadership, a better supported secretariat, stronger links between the IGF=
 and all other internet-related policy-making spaces, a strong link to nati=
onal and regional IGFs, more output-orientated, widening participation and =
reforming the MAG.

A new co-ordinating function
There was general interest in the idea of creating a new coordinating funct=
ion to facilitate the coherence and effectiveness of internet-related polic=
y making within a distributed model. All agreed that the coordinating group=
 should be multi-stakeholder but there was no decision on where that group =
should be constituted (e.g. at the CSTD or attached to the IGF). A new coor=
dinating function is needed. More discussion is needed about the form, loca=
tion and processes by which that function is exercised.

Issue-specific multistakeholder working groups
When a new issue arises that needs a policy response, there was broad agree=
ment that these should be resolved through ad hoc multi-stakeholder working=
 groups were developed to deal with specific issues. There wasn=92t a decis=
ion yet on where/how those working groups should be formed (i.e. by differe=
nt institutions with mandate over different issues, by a working group tied=
 to CSTD, by a working group tied to IGF). Also, on decision making there w=
as broad agreement that the groups would ideally work by consensus with the=
 option to shift to another process where necessary and appropriate (includ=
ing multilateral processes, e.g. to draft a treaty). New internet policy is=
sues should be dealt with through ad hoc multi-stakeholder working groups w=
hich are issue specific. More discussion is needed about the form, location=
 and processes of those multi-stakeholder working groups.

ICANN reform
A reformed ICANN =96 details to be worked on further.

6) List of Sources
http://internetdemocracy.in/reports/a-third-way-proposal-for-a-decentralise=
d-democratic-internet-governance-involving-all-stakeholders/
http://www.internetjurisdiction.net/
http://www.itforchange.net/sites/default/files/ITfC/%20%20Dev%20agenda%20in=
%20IG%20200412.pdf
http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/india-statement-un-cirp
http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/india-to-push-for-free=
ing-internet-from-us-control/article5434095.ece?homepage=3Dtrue
http://www.intgovforum.org/contributions/IETF-as-model.pdf
http://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/a67d65_en.pdf
http://unctad.org/Sections/un_cstd/docs/cstd2011d22_Major_EN.pdf
http://bestbits.net/notes-on-an-igf-plus/
http://www.internetgovernance.org/2013/10/16/a-blueprint-for-the-future-ove=
rsight-of-icann/
http://igfwatch.org/discussion-board/my-proposal-to-the-cstd-working-group-=
on-enhanced-cooperation#-8xHg3pRMAMtJ2UVoZcsOg
http://www.diplomacy.edu/sites/default/files/May%202013%20IG%20webinar%20PD=
F%20-%20Dr%20Jeremy%20Malcolm.pdf
http://unctad.org/en/Pages/CSTD/WGEC-Responses.aspx




Andrew Puddephatt | GLOBAL PARTNERS DIGITAL
Executive Director
Development House, 56=9664 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4LT
T: +44 (0)20 7549 0336 | M: +44 (0)771 339 9597 | Skype: andrewpuddephatt
gp-digital.org




--_000_CEFF01ED1364Dandrewgpdigitalorg_
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 -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14p=
x; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><div>Thanks =96 looking forward to co=
mments</div><div><br></div><span id=3D"OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION"><div style=3D"=
font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; text-align:left; color:black; BORDER-B=
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LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT:=
 medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt"><span style=3D"font-weight:bold">From: </sp=
an> Marianne Franklin <<a href=3D"mailto:m.i.franklin at gold.ac.uk">m.i.fr=
anklin at gold.ac.uk</a>><br><span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Date: </span>=
 Thursday, 16 January 2014 15:57<br><span style=3D"font-weight:bold">To: </=
span> andrew Puddephatt <<a href=3D"mailto:andrew at gp-digital.org">andrew=
@gp-digital.org</a>>, "<a href=3D"mailto:parminder at itforchange.net"=
>parminder at itforchange.net</a>" <<a href=3D"mailto:parminder at itforc=
hange.net">parminder at itforchange.net</a>>, "<bestbits at lists. net=
>" <<a href=3D"mailto:bestbits at lists.bestbits.net">bestbits at list=
s.bestbits.net</a>><br><span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>=
 Re: [bestbits] substantive proposals for Brazil summit - IG governance<br>=
</div><div><br></div><div>
=20=20
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    Dear Andrew and all<br>
    <br>
    I have only now had a chance to peruse this analysis, and am reading
    it more closely now. Thank you for all this work on our behalf;
    having the survey results is a welcome addition to all our thinking
    in any case but having this analysis will provide a launchpad I hope
    for further discussion on this and other lists.<br>
    <br>
    Hopefully this thread can emerge as people have time to consider the
    outcomes. Back on that in due course!<br>
    <br>
    Cheers<br>
    MF<br>
    <br>
    <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix">On 13/01/2014 16:08, Andrew Puddephatt
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
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      <div class=3D"WordSection1">
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks
            Parminder<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o=
:p></span></p>
        <div>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:7.0pt;line-height:115%=
;text-autospace:none"><b><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; col=
or: rgb(37, 55, 65);">Andrew
                Puddephatt</span></b><b><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, =
sans-serif;">
              </span></b><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">|
            </span><b><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color:=
 rgb(37, 55, 65);">GLOBAL
                PARTNERS</span></b><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, sans-=
serif; color: rgb(37, 55, 65);">
              DIGITAL<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:115%;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial,=
 sans-serif; color: rgb(37, 55, 65);">Executive
              Director</span><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;=
 color: rgb(255, 33, 38);"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:115%;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial,=
 sans-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">Development
              House, 56=9664 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4LT<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-famil=
y: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">T:
              +44 (0)20 7549 0336 | M: +44 (0)771 339 9597 | Skype:
              andrewpuddephatt</span><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, san=
s-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);"><br>
              <b>gp-digital.org</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o=
:p></span></p>
        <div>
          <div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
            1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
            <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-=
family: Tahoma, sans-serif; color: windowtext;" lang=3D"EN-US">From:</span>=
</b><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; color:=
 windowtext;" lang=3D"EN-US"> <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href=3D=
"mailto:bestbits-request at lists.bestbits.net">bestbits-request at lists.bestbit=
s.net</a>
                [<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"mailto:bestbits=
-request at lists.bestbits.net">mailto:bestbits-request at lists.bestbits.net</a>=
] <b>On
                  Behalf Of </b>parminder<br>
                <b>Sent:</b> 13 January 2014 13:44<br>
                <b>To:</b> <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href=3D"ma=
ilto:bestbits at lists.bestbits.net">bestbits at lists.bestbits.net</a><br>
                <b>Subject:</b> Re: [bestbits] substantive proposals for
                Brazil summit - IG governance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style=
=3D"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Thanks
            Andrew, a very important work..<br>
            <br>
            Would comment later, but yes, it is this kind of clear
            positions on what one seeks that it needed at this stage. <br>
             <br>
            (Of course I do not agree with a good part of the analysis
            and conclusions/ outcomes :), and would engage in detail
            soon.)<br>
            <br>
            parminder </span><o:p></o:p></p>
        <div>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal">On Monday 13 January 2014 05:35 PM,
            Andrew Puddephatt wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
        </div>
        <blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Shortly before Xmas Global Partners
            Digital and Article 19 met to look at the responses to the
            survey monkey I sent out in November.  Taking advantage of
            the presence of other groups in Geneva earlier the same
            week, we managed to bring in representatives from CDT,
            CTS/FGV, Access, and Internet Democracy Project.  The
            results of our conversation are set out below and in a word
            attachment.  Drawing upon the responses to the survey and
            other reading (listed at the end of the document) we looked
            at:<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm=
;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
            level1 lfo2"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=3D""><span st=
yle=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: normal; font-variant:=
 normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-fam=
ily: 'Times New Roman';">        
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The case for reform<o:p>=
</o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"margin-bottom:0c=
m;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
            level1 lfo2"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=3D""><span st=
yle=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: normal; font-variant:=
 normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-fam=
ily: 'Times New Roman';">        
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Possible criteria for
            reforming IG governance<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"margin-bottom:0c=
m;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
            level1 lfo2"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=3D""><span st=
yle=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: normal; font-variant:=
 normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-fam=
ily: 'Times New Roman';">        
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->An evaluation of the
            different proposals for reform<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;=
margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
            level1 lfo2"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=3D""><span st=
yle=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: normal; font-variant:=
 normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-fam=
ily: 'Times New Roman';">        
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Preliminary
            conclusions.<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Our main preliminary conclusion was,
            after considering the criteria we set out for an IG system,
            that a <u>dispersed system of governance</u> has more
            benefits and fewer risks than a centralised system of
            governance.  We go on to conclude in favour of maintaining=
 a
            distributed governance regime, but that it should be
            strengthened through improving the IGF, introducing a new
            coordinating function and a process for ad hoc
            issue-specific multistakeholder working groups to deal with
            new issues. We also agreed that reforms were needed in order
            to globalise oversight at ICANN, but more research is needed
            about the options and risks here.  <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"> </span=
><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal">It is going to be a complex process to
            try and co-ordinate a response from then list.   To s=
implify
            things I suggest that people submit three categories of
            comments.<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal">1. There will be those who fundamentally
            disagree with the approach put forward.  I suggest that th=
ey
            develop their own approach find their own collaborators and
            work on their own ideas.  May a hundred flowers bloom.<o:p=
></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal">2. Those who broadly agree but who have
            substantive comments to make which require further
            discussion.  I will then collect these put together an
            online conference call or some other mechanism to discuss
            then in a structured fashion.<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal">3.  Those who broadly agree but have
            preferences for different phrasing etc. but who can live
            with the differences.  These I will collect and try and
            resolve through e-mail conversation.<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal">We=92ve spent a lot of energy on the
            question of representation so it would be good to focus on
            what it is we would say if we were represented.  And
            although we should aim to submit something to Brazil by
            March 1<sup>st</sup>, this position is one we can develop
            and utilise in other forums.  If you have other suggestins
            on how to pull together different comments, do let me know.&nbs=
p;
            <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Andrew Puddephatt<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><u><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">Internet Governance:
                  proposals for reform </span></u></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">***Contributors: Access, Article
              19, CDT, CTS/FGV, GPD, Internet Democracy Project*** </span><=
o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">In an effort to work towards a
              joint civil society proposal for internet governance
              reform - with the aim of feeding into the upcoming
              Brazilian Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of
              Internet Governance and other relevant forums =96 Global
              Partners Digital and Article 19 coordinated a small group
              of civil society organisations.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">In order to brainstorm and report
              back as clearly as possible, the group worked through four
              stages in considering both the Best Bits survey responses
              and the most prominent civil society proposals for
              reforming the IG institutional framework that the
              contributors were aware of: </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style=3D"mso-margin-top-al=
t:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom=
:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list=
:l1
            level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style=3D"font-style: normal; font-varian=
t: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-f=
amily: 'Times New Roman';">       </span></sp=
an><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">What is the case for refo=
rm of IG
              and do we have a common understanding of what the problems
              with the existing arrangements are?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l1
            level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style=3D"font-style: normal; font-varian=
t: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-f=
amily: 'Times New Roman';">       </span></sp=
an><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">If there is a case for re=
form
              what are the criteria for a reformed system of IG that
              should be applied, assuming we have a basic commitment to
              human rights and social justice? </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l1
            level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style=3D"font-style: normal; font-varian=
t: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-f=
amily: 'Times New Roman';">       </span></sp=
an><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">How do the various propos=
als for
              reform stack up against these criteria =96 what are their
              strengths and weaknesses and what potential risks and
              benefits.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt=
:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:=
.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:=
l1
            level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">4.<span style=3D"font-style: normal; font-varian=
t: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-f=
amily: 'Times New Roman';">       </span></sp=
an><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">What are the crucial elem=
ents of
              a reformed IG system and what are those which we desire
              but would be willing to compromise around. Considering the
              previous questions, is there a rough consensus among the
              group present that we could share with the wider BB
              community to enrich the approach? </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">The below draft represents a
              summary of the group analysis and discussion. </span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">1) Case for reform</span></b><o:p>=
</o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Reviewing and building on the
              survey responses, the group identified the following
              criticisms of the current IG arrangements: </span><o:p></o:p>=
</p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style=3D"mso-margin-top-al=
t:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom=
:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list=
:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">There is an imbalance of power
              with many people and groups, particularly from the global
              south, feeling marginalised.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">There is insufficient diversity
              of voices, including gender and language.</span><o:p></o:p></=
p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Development issues, as set out in
              the original Tunis Agenda, have not been adequately
              tackled.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">The IGF has not satisfactorily
              delivered on all elements of its mandate. </span><o:p></o:p><=
/p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Multistakeholderism remains
              poorly defined which creates difficulty in its
              implementation and evaluation. The term is seen to be
              increasingly used as a cover by those resisting change. </spa=
n><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">There are jurisdictional issues
              which remain unresolved. This also often leaves powerful
              ICT companies to take important human rights/public
              interest decisions. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">There is an absence of forums
              where jurisdictional issues or global public policies
              relating to the internet can be thrashed out. This means
              governments are falling back on different national laws
              and technical responses which encroach on the global and
              distributed functioning of the internet.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Furthermore because of the issues
              with the current regime, many governments are
              pursuing/establishing separate international initiatives
              to tackle important issues (such as cybersecurity) which
              are not sufficiently transparent, open, multi-stakeholder
              or global. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Some governments are increasingly
              asserting a doctrine of =93state sovereignty=94 on the global
              internet. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">There is a lack of clarity about
              how or where decisions are made =96 there is a plurality of
              forums with unclear relationships between them. </span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">The internet is unusual as a
              communication tool, it has developed from the beginning as
              an international medium, and its international character
              and the benefits of free expression and access to
              information that it brings need to be preserved. </span><o:p>=
</o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l2
            level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">There is a unique property to the
              internet that requires global cooperation and coordination
              to make it effective.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt=
:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:=
.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;text-autospace:none"><span st=
yle=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">2) Criteria for Internet
                Governance </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">NB - The group recognised that
              there was an overlap with the BB second Workstream looking
              at high level principles. The current suggested baseline
              for Workstream 2 are the Brazilian CGI.br principles.
              Depending on the outcome of Workstream 2, there could be
              potential to unite around a core set of principles. </span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">After some discussion, the group
              set out criteria that they felt were an essential element
              of any democratic international governance system. The aim
              was to find criteria that could apply to any system of
              international governance rather than looking for criteria
              that only applied to the internet =96 in order to avoid the
              pitfalls of =93internet exceptionalism=94. Rather, in a
              globalised world, where there are generally very weak
              lines of accountability between a government's positions
              on the international stage and its electorate back at
              home, open international spaces with broad-based
              participation can be important opportunities for bringing
              international decisions much closer to citizens across the
              world. In this context, the group found that the
              international IG regime, if developed appropriately, could
              have implications for wider international governance
              systems (beyond the Internet). The group recognised that
              these criteria are aspirational and that any proposed
              reform would probably not meet all the criteria.
              Nonetheless it was found that they provide a useful
              framework for assessing any proposed changes. </span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">The following mutually-supporting
              criteria were found necessary for the governance of
              complex global phenomena: </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">a)</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12.0pt"> <b>Processes</b> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style=3D"mso-margin-top-al=
t:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom=
:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list=
:l6
            level1 lfo8;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Transparent and comprehensible:
              it should be possible for anyone to understand how it
              works and how things happen/decisions are made; </span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l6
            level1 lfo8;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Accountable: internal and
              external accountability process should exist, including a
              way of challenging decisions; </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l6
            level1 lfo8;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Effective: in that it can deliver
              whatever it is meant to deliver </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt=
:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:=
.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:=
l6
            level1 lfo8;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span=
 style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-heig=
ht: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">     =
   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Adaptable: so that it can take
              account of new innovations and developments in the field.
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">b) Participation</span></b><span s=
tyle=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style=3D"mso-margin-top-al=
t:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom=
:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list=
:l4
            level1 lfo10;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Inclusive and open: not be a
              small exclusive club, but open to many. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l4
            level1 lfo10;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">All necessary points of view are
              included in order to arrive at good decisions/agreements </sp=
an><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l4
            level1 lfo10;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Possessing the necessary
              expertise to make informed decisions </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt=
:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:=
.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:=
l4
            level1 lfo10;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Meaningful participation: anybody
              affected by decision should be able to impact upon
              decision-making processes. The group recognised that this
              would likely involve mechanisms for consensus based
              decision making. But where consensus was not possible
              there may need to be alternative supplementary frameworks,
              such as decision-making by majority vote.   </span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">c) Underlying Values</span></b><sp=
an style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style=3D"mso-margin-top-al=
t:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom=
:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list=
:l3
            level1 lfo12;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Human rights values should be at
              the core of any governance process and outcomes. </span><o:p>=
</o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l3
            level1 lfo12;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Driven by global public interest
              (motivated by an understanding of the internet as a global
              public good). </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt=
:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:=
.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;text-autospace:none"><span st=
yle=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">3) Evaluating Proposals for
                Reform </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">The next stage was to look at
              various suggested reforms to the current system, drawn
              from the survey and other sources. The list of models
              analysed below is not exhaustive.  Please forgive the
              brevity and crudeness of the model titles and their
              descriptions - they are indicative only. More details
              about the proposals can be found in the sources listed at
              the end of the document.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <div style=3D"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt
            1.0pt 4.0pt">
            <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace=
:none"><b><i><u><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">UN Committee Model</span><=
/u></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace=
:none"><i><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Model proposed by the Indian
                  government for a new UN Committee made up of 50 member
                  states, with four advisory committees made up of
                  different stakeholder groups. The Committee would have
                  mandate over global internet-related public policy
                  issues, and oversight of the technical bodies. IT for
                  Change has also promoted this model with the exception
                  that oversight of the technical bodies would reside in
                  a separate Technical Oversight and Advisory Board
                  formed of technical experts nominated by governments.</sp=
an></i><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace:none"><i><span s=
tyle=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><b><i><u><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US">Mul=
ti-stakeholder
                      Internet Policy Council (as proposed by Jeremy
                      Malcolm)</span></u></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><i><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US">A new
                  multi-stakeholder internet policy council (MIPC) under
                  the auspices of the IGF. MIPC would be made up of
                  equal numbers from civil society, private sector,
                  government and technical/academic communities, and
                  observers from international organisations). The MIPC
                  would take up issues forwarded to it by rough
                  consensus in IGF plenaries. The MIPC would attempt to
                  agree, by rough consensus, an IGF recommendation on
                  that issue. The recommendations would be non-binding,
                  but could call for the development of binding rules by
                  other institutions where appropriate, which would
                  generally be at the national level.  </span></i><o:p=
></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><b><i><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US"> =
</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><b><i><u><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US">Mul=
ti-stakeholder
                      Internet Policy Council (as proposed by Wolfgang
                      Kleinwachter)</span></u></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><i><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US">A new
                  multi-stakeholder internet policy council (MIPOC)
                  attached to the IGF. MIPOC could be composed similarly
                  to the WG on Enhanced Cooperation. The MIPOC would be
                  a coordinating body =96 identifying issues raised at the
                  IGF and recommending an appropriate mechanism to
                  address those issues, either a pre-existing mechanism
                  (e.g. an intergovernmental organisation, a technical
                  organisation, a combination) or a new one. New
                  mechanisms could be ad hoc multistakeholder working
                  groups with mandates to address specific issues by
                  rough consensus. </span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><b><i><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US"> =
</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><b><i><u><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US">Dis=
tributed
                      Multi-stakeholder Processes Model (as proposed by
                      Internet Democracy Project)</span></u></i></b><o:p></=
o:p></p>
            <p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><i><span style=3D=
"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" lang=3D"EN-US">This model also envision=
s a coordinating
                  body on the lines of the MIPOC model above, however
                  the coordinating body would be housed in the CSTD
                  instead of the IGF. The function of the IGF would in
                  this model be one of a clearing house only. In
                  addition, this model suggests that, where possible,
                  the WSIS action lines should be taken as a guideline
                  for deciding which pre-existing institution has a
                  mandate covering a specific internet issue. Once an
                  appropriate institution is identified, this
                  institution would then be responsible for developing
                  an appropriate multi-stakeholder process to respond to
                  that issue.</span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><b><i><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US"> =
</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><b><i><u><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US">Sel=
f-forming
                      multi-stakeholder issue processes (as demonstrated
                      by Internet & Jurisdiction Project) </span></u></=
i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><i><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US">Processes=
 can
                  self-create to develop voluntary solutions to specific
                  internet issues. Similarly to the model for adoption
                  of technical standards: the better a solution the more
                  likely it is to be adopted. For higher likelihood of
                  voluntary adoption, these processes should involve
                  experts and powerful players, such as key governments.
                  However, the Internet & Jurisdiction Project=92s
                  model appears to be more of a =91proof of concept=92 that
                  could feasibly be institutionalized within one of the
                  models outlined above. </span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
            <p class=3D"MsoCommentText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt"><i><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt" lang=3D"EN-US"> </s=
pan></i><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Looking at the UN Committee model
              and applying the criteria above, the model has real
              strengths in the clarity of process and therefore enabling
              anyone to understand how it works and how things
              happen/decisions are made. It could also meet the
              effectiveness criteria in terms of coming up with detailed
              policy recommendations. On the other hand, its proposed
              mandate seemed very broad and more clarification is needed
              about potential clashes with existing mandates, such as
              that of the ITU or UNESCO. As a UN Committee with a
              central role for governments, and based on experience of
              similar bodies, there is a real risk it would be dominated
              by geo-political interests. As a single body with
              oversight =96 potentially =96 of all public policy issues
              related to the internet, the group felt there was a risk
              that the body would not have the requisite expertise to
              make informed decisions across all issues. While it could
              draw upon the work of advisory groups, it was unclear how
              they would be composed and whether any fixed group of
              people would have the capability to tackle a wide range of
              policy issues. The advisory nature of the stakeholder
              groups would also create risks that those impacted by
              decisions would not necessarily be able to help shape
              them. Furthermore there was a question over the
              feasibility (time-wise) of a single group responding to
              all issues, particularly as it is envisaged meeting just a
              few times per year. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Other proposals for reform, while
              varied in their level of centralisation, suggest a greater
              role for non-governmental stakeholder groups. All of these
              models seem to envision the IGF playing a more or less
              central role as a clearing house for identifying issues
              which need tackling and for each issue process to inform,
              engage and be accountable to a wider Internet community.
              One advantage of these models was seen to be the
              possibility for enabling pathways from the national
              through regional to global level discussion and back down
              by tying all processes to a wider discussion at the IGFs.
              Another advantage was seen to be that building on the
              strengths of the IGF could foster openness, inclusivity
              and accountability to the wider internet community.  The=
re
              were, however, concerns given that the IGF hasn=92t
              satisfactorily delivered on all elements of its mandate. 
              For example, should the MIPC/MIPOC models derive their
              mandate and agenda from IGF discussions =96 this would
              require a more output-oriented IGF. Thus, improving the
              IGF was seen as critical to instituting these models. </span>=
<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">A key feature of most of the
              above models, which the group strongly supported, was the
              introduction of a new coordinating function in the current
              internet governance regime. The multi-stakeholder makeup
              of the coordinating body was also strongly supported by
              the group.  The advantage of these models was seen to be
              the fact that they would provide greater clarity (compared
              to the current situation) about how public policy issues
              are addressed.  </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">In looking at these models, they
              also all maintain a distributed approach where many
              institutions are involved in different aspects of
              internet-related public policy. The group specifically
              supported the concept of maintaining/instituting separate
              processes for separate issues for several reasons.
              Distributing power was seen as protection against
              power-grabs, which many saw as the main concern with the
              more centralised approach in the </span>UN Committee
            model <span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">=96 and to a lesser
              extent Jeremy=92s MIPC model.  </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">A distributed model was seen as
              having the advantage of drawing in expertise as necessary
              based on the issue at hand, and of being more dynamic and
              adaptable given the fast-changing internet environment.
              However, a degree of institutionalisation of any
              distributed model was seen to be essential to counteract
              power imbalances. For example, self-forming
              multi-stakeholder processes are likely to disadvantage
              those without power and resources.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">There were, however, questions
              about the effectiveness of the distributed models as they
              retain some of the challenges of the current regime. The
              UN Committee model was more similar to existing governance
              frameworks making it easier to understand. The other
              models involve new and innovative ways of working. The
              group felt that the Internet & Jurisdiction project
              may be a useful test bed for the modalities of such an
              approach.<s> </s></span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">4) Existing Institutions</span></b=
><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">The group looked at a strand of
              suggestions around sustaining the current structures,
              particularly the IGF and ICANN, but reforming them to an
              extent that would allow issues with the current system to
              be sufficiently addressed. NB these reforms could happen
              alongside the ideas above considering the overall
              governance regime.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace:none"><b><span sty=
le=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace:none"><b><span sty=
le=3D"font-size:12.0pt">IGF </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace:none"><span style=
=3D"font-size:12.0pt">The group looked at proposals for
              improving the IGF (see list of sources below). There were
              a number of areas where necessary reforms were identified:
            </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style=3D"mso-margin-top-al=
t:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom=
:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list=
:l5
            level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Providing stronger leadership;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l5
            level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">A better funded and supported
              secretariat;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l5
            level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Stronger links between the IGF
              (and discussions at the IGF) and all spaces involved in
              the dispersed internet governance system;</span><o:p></o:p></=
p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l5
            level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Clearing house function;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l5
            level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">More output-orientated; </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l5
            level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Connecting the global annual IGF
              to a more structured series of national and regional IGFs
              to ensure that this is a clear path for issues of concern
              raised at a national and regional level finding their way
              to global consideration and back down to the regional and
              national levels;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style=3D"mso-margin-top-a=
lt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-lis=
t:l5
            level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Widening participation (esp.
              unrepresented e.g. global south governments and civil
              society, high level policy-makers, staff of all
              institutions involved in internet-related policy making,
              small to medium businesses);</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt=
:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:=
.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:=
l5
            level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><spa=
n style=3D""><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=B7<span style=3D"font-style: =
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-hei=
ght: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">    &nbsp=
;   
                </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.0pt">Reforming the Multistakeholder
              Advisory Group.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">ICANN </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">In the case of ICANN, the group
              felt that globalising ICANN (including removing the
              privilege of the US which was seen as  important though
              largely symbolic) remains an issue to be resolved as it
              might involve both location and structure.  However, the
              group felt that it was necessary to examine closely the
              different options - and timeframes - for doing so in order
              to determine their potential risks and suggest appropriate
              solutions. Article 19 agreed to co-ordinate further work
              on this issue.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">5) Preliminary conclusions </span>=
</b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">From the response to the survey
              and by analysing various alternative models using the
              criteria set out above, there seems to be potential to
              come to a rough consensus combining a number of ideas
              commanding broad support among civil society. </span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace:none"><span style=
=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-1=
8.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Dispersed vs=
. centralised</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">A key point was whether a single
              decision making space would be more appropriate versus a
              dispersed system whereby the right kind of expertise could
              be assembled issue by issue. A centralised system could be
              easier to navigate but a dispersed system had fewer risks
              for political or corporate capture and enabled issue-based
              expertise (including from civil society) to engage on
              specific issues. <b>On balance we felt the risk/benefit
                of both approaches weighed more on the side of a
                dispersed model of governance</b>. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace:none"><span style=
=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-r=
ight:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-in=
dent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Broad=
 participation & role
                of reformed IGF</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Another key point of agreement
              was in looking for ways to involve as broad as possible
              communities in internet governance. The IGF was seen as an
              important space for achieving this. For instance, a
              reformed IGF could act as a central space for learning
              about and feeding into all internet-related public
              policies within a dispersed system. <b>The reform could
                entail: a stronger leadership, a better supported
                secretariat, stronger links between the IGF and all
                other internet-related policy-making spaces, a strong
                link to national and regional IGFs, more
                output-orientated, widening participation and reforming
                the MAG.</b> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-autospace:none"><span style=
=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-r=
ight:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-in=
dent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">A new=
 co-ordinating function</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">There was general interest in the
              idea of creating a new coordinating function to facilitate
              the coherence and effectiveness of internet-related policy
              making within a distributed model. All agreed that the
              coordinating group should be multi-stakeholder but there
              was no decision on where that group should be constituted
              (e.g. at the CSTD or attached to the IGF). <b>A new
                coordinating function is needed. More discussion is
                needed about the form, location and processes by which
                that function is exercised. </b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-1=
8.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-r=
ight:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-in=
dent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Issue=
-specific multistakeholder
                working groups </span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">When a new issue arises that
              needs a policy response, there was broad agreement that
              these should be resolved through ad hoc multi-stakeholder
              working groups were developed to deal with specific
              issues. There wasn=92t a decision yet on where/how those
              working groups should be formed (i.e. by different
              institutions with mandate over different issues, by a
              working group tied to CSTD, by a working group tied to
              IGF). Also, on decision making there was broad agreement
              that the groups would ideally work by consensus with the
              option to shift to another process where necessary and
              appropriate (including multilateral processes, e.g. to
              draft a treaty). <b>New internet policy issues should be
                dealt with through ad hoc multi-stakeholder working
                groups which are issue specific.</b> <b>More discussion
                is needed about the form, location and processes of
                those multi-stakeholder working groups.</b></span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-1=
8.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o=
:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-r=
ight:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-in=
dent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">ICANN=
 reform</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">A reformed ICANN =96 details to
                be worked on further.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><b><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">6) List of Sources</span></b><o:p>=
</o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://internetdemocracy.in/report=
s/a-third-way-proposal-for-a-decentralised-democratic-internet-governance-i=
nvolving-all-stakeholders/"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http://interne=
tdemocracy.in/reports/a-third-way-proposal-for-a-decentralised-democratic-i=
nternet-governance-involving-all-stakeholders/</span></a><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://www.internetjurisdiction.ne=
t/"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http://www.internetjurisdiction.net/</=
span></a><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://www.itforchange.net/sites/d=
efault/files/ITfC/%20%20Dev%20agenda%20in%20IG%20200412.pdf"><span style=3D=
"font-size:12.0pt">http://www.itforchange.net/sites/default/files/ITfC/%20%=
20Dev%20agenda%20in%20IG%20200412.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:12=
.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://cis-india.org/internet-gove=
rnance/blog/india-statement-un-cirp"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http:=
//cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/india-statement-un-cirp</span></a>=
<span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/t=
echnology/internet/india-to-push-for-freeing-internet-from-us-control/artic=
le5434095.ece?homepage=3Dtrue"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http://www.=
thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/india-to-push-for-freeing-interne=
t-from-us-control/article5434095.ece?homepage=3Dtrue</span></a><span style=
=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://www.intgovforum.org/contrib=
utions/IETF-as-model.pdf"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http://www.intgo=
vforum.org/contributions/IETF-as-model.pdf</span></a><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://unctad.org/meetings/en/Sess=
ionalDocuments/a67d65_en.pdf"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http://uncta=
d.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/a67d65_en.pdf</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://unctad.org/Sections/un_cstd=
/docs/cstd2011d22_Major_EN.pdf"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http://unc=
tad.org/Sections/un_cstd/docs/cstd2011d22_Major_EN.pdf</span></a><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://bestbits.net/notes-on-an-ig=
f-plus/"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http://bestbits.net/notes-on-an-i=
gf-plus/</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://www.internetgovernance.org/=
2013/10/16/a-blueprint-for-the-future-oversight-of-icann/"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt">http://www.internetgovernance.org/2013/10/16/a-blueprint-f=
or-the-future-oversight-of-icann/</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt=
">  </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://igfwatch.org/discussion-boa=
rd/my-proposal-to-the-cstd-working-group-on-enhanced-cooperation#-8xHg3pRMA=
MtJ2UVoZcsOg"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http://igfwatch.org/discussi=
on-board/my-proposal-to-the-cstd-working-group-on-enhanced-cooperation#-8xH=
g3pRMAMtJ2UVoZcsOg</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">  </span=
><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://www.diplomacy.edu/sites/def=
ault/files/May%202013%20IG%20webinar%20PDF%20-%20Dr%20Jeremy%20Malcolm.pdf"=
><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http://www.diplomacy.edu/sites/default/fi=
les/May%202013%20IG%20webinar%20PDF%20-%20Dr%20Jeremy%20Malcolm.pdf</span><=
/a><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:n=
one"><a moz-do-not-send=3D"true" href=3D"http://unctad.org/en/Pages/CSTD/WG=
EC-Responses.aspx"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">http://unctad.org/en/Pa=
ges/CSTD/WGEC-Responses.aspx</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"> </=
span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:7.0pt;line-height:115%=
;text-autospace:none"><b><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; col=
or: rgb(37, 55, 65);">Andrew
                Puddephatt</span></b><b><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, =
sans-serif;">
              </span></b><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">|
            </span><b><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color:=
 rgb(37, 55, 65);">GLOBAL
                PARTNERS</span></b><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, sans-=
serif; color: rgb(37, 55, 65);">
              DIGITAL</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:115%;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial,=
 sans-serif; color: rgb(37, 55, 65);">Executive
              Director</span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:115%;text-autospace:n=
one"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial,=
 sans-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">Development
              House, 56=9664 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4LT</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-famil=
y: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">T:
              +44 (0)20 7549 0336 | M: +44 (0)771 339 9597 | Skype:
              andrewpuddephatt</span><span style=3D"font-family: Arial, san=
s-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);"><br>
              <b>gp-digital.org</b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
        </blockquote>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:=
"Times New
            Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </div></div></span></body></html>

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