[governance] Parminder's exchange with Bertrand

[Milton L Mueller]

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Avri Doria [mailto:avri at psg.com] 
> 
> you have got to be kidding.
> 
> maybe it depends on the type of historiography one is partial 
> to and as far as i can tell unless one believes in the 
> relatively marxist historical moment sort of historical 
> explanation, one is stuck with the great man of history 
> explanation.

I think your view is incredibly unrealistic, even bizarre. Authoritarian monsters like Hitler, Mao, Stalin can only do what they do by playing groups off against each other, by claiming for themselves the ability to represent and enact collective ideals, and by seizing collective capabilities. No one who seriously studies that history can explain what happened in those societies by reference to a malevolent individual alone. They capitalize on and help to create group animosities and loyalties. How do you get people to massacre Jews without group loyalties and prejudices, us against them? How do you legitimize wars and get soldiers to fight and kill people they don't know without appeal to things like "patriotism," duty to society and the state, cultural or racial differences? This has nothing to do with Marxist historicism, which posits laws of history independent of individuals. 

> it is individuals, natural and corporate, who commit all the 
> crimes - at the boundary of the individual is where murder, 

Ah I see, so you are not only unwilling to assign individuals rights, and place them at the center of concern for well being, you are also willing to assign to them responsibility for all crimes. 

Is the flaw in your position not obvious? Please explain to me how individuals qua individuals are responsible for all the world's evils but individuals as members of groups suddenly become angels who free themselves from all this iniquity. I will be interested in this explanation. 

> but without an individual in his very own individual voice or 
> very own trigger finger nothing like WW2 or Vietnam or Iraq 
> or .... could ever happen.

Utter rubbish. those triggers get pulled because of tremendous social pressures, not to mention massive levels of state taxation and coercion. They operate at the group level. You and I can war against each other as individuals, but there is no way our feuds can reach the destructive scale of modern warfare unless we pull into the picture collective differences and animosities and collective capabilities. 

> as one of those who yammer about groups being the only way to 
> go 

And you are ignoring my main point: for every group, there are non-members of the group, outsiders, people who are excluded and different from the group and its identity. Even a group formed with the most benevolent of intentions tends to view outsiders suspiciously and to exclude. 

You don't see that as having anything to do with the conflicts and problems of human history? Remarkable. 

Your view is so one-sided. As an advocate of individual rights, I have no problem recognizing and dealing with the problems that abusive individual action can cause. I have trouble understanding how someone can fail to recognize any threat or issues stemming from group boundaries and differences. 



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