[governance] What is Network Neutrality

Parminder parminder at itforchange.net
Mon Jan 12 12:14:41 EST 2009


McTim

I am completely unable to understand why are accusing me of speaking 
against edge caching, when i have not mentioned a word regarding it. In 
fact, when Milton in his email dt 7th Jan asked if I was speaking 
against edge catching, I specifically responded in my email dt 8th  that 
I was *not*.

I have written at least 4-5 times in the last few days that I am *only* 
speaking against price-differentiated QoS/ speed of transmission/ 
delivery of content, which in my view violates NN.

I also asked you and Ralf specifically if you are for it or against it. 
So I ask it again. (and pl do respond)

Since you are likely to off-hand conclude that my statements do not 
achieve your standards of technical discourse, I can re-frame my  
question in the language of Prof Felten whose NN typology you yourself 
forwarded to me ( 
http://www.freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/felten/three-flavors-net-neutrality 
), which therefore I can expect you to understand. Pl indicate whether 
you accept his 'flavour' 3 as an NN principle  - which is 'Net 
Neutrality as Content Nondiscrimination" - vis a vis his 'flavour' 2 - 
which is 'Net Neutrality as Nonexclusionary Business Practices'*.* (see 
the linked article for explanations.) *

*Now if this helps further understanding I may tell you that Milton (and 
Lessig) supports 'flavour' or type 2 above as constituting NN, but is 
against type 3 (Milton, you can pl confirm this.)  I dont think I can be 
clearer than this.

 > It does no such thing. If "she" chooses to use a website, then that 
website is delivered via the best effort Internet.

Perfect. I am just asking for that to be ensured. However Milton and 
Lessig say that it is ok, if the website she chooses doesn't pay for 
higher QoS and another one does, her preferred website is *not* 
delivered via 'best effort' but via via second or third or n-th "best 
effort", which can actually be so low in the stack to be - absolutely or 
relatively - quite a bad effort.

I can though judge that you got confused by a quick - and, habitually, 
dismissive - reading of the following sentence I wrote

" Now, if some content providersare able to pay and line their content 
up closer to the user relative to other content, without her exercise of 
such a choice, it obviously constraints her freedom and choice."

This is not at all about edge caching. Please read it in the specific 
context I have built, of the picture of Internet as a democratic media. 
It is meant somewhat figuratively, as content which is pushed harder at 
the user through higher-price better-QoS than the rest of the content 
she receives. I wrote the above sentence after I drew a picture of the 
Internet where one is assured *equal relationship to* all the content 
present on the Internet and whereby how price-differentiated QoS 
violates this equality of relationship. It is this sense  I meant  
higher QoS content as being pushed harder at the user, and spoke of it 
figuratively as lined closer to the user, *relegating the rest of the 
content*. It is in this way that the user's free choice is constrained.

parminder



McTim wrote:
> Parminder,
>
> On Mon, Jan 12, 2009 at 2:56 PM, Parminder <parminder at itforchange.net> wrote:
>   
>> Milton
>>
>>     
>>> Your turn. Please tell me, how does the ordinary user benefit from an
>>> egalitarian ideologue telling them and everyone else that if they want to
>>> pay more for a higher speed >or better service they can't do it, even if it
>>> is offered on a nondiscriminatory basis?
>>>       
>> That is closer to a real honest discussion. I will deal with the 'red
>> herrings' in your email later, below.
>>
>> I see Internet's primary value and its basic characteristic, as a
>> revolutionary democratic media, in the fact that unlike say interactive
>> cable TV it can accommodate  unlimited content, in a manner that all of it
>> is accessible to the user at exactly the same level and ease, which puts the
>> control and choice of what she wants to access completely in the user's
>> hand. However, if one can pay to push ones content extra hard at the user,
>> at the cost of other competing content, it compromises user's choice, and
>> thus harms her interests. In case of traditional media platforms, like print
>> or TV, where the interface-space is constrained, some way needs to be found
>> to  squeeze  some content in this limited space rather than the other.
>> However, the essential and the defining feature of the Internet is that
>> there is no such constraint of how much and what all content one can access
>> at the same one-remove, at the same level. This is how the Internet
>> fundamentally revolutionizes users choice. Now, if some content providers
>> are able to pay and line their content up closer to the user relative to
>> other content, without her exercise of such a choice, it obviously
>> constraints her freedom and choice.
>>     
>
> Now that's just silly.  If someone (Akamai/Google/Yahoo) were to
> deploy an edge cache here in Kampala that would merely give the
> enduser a better experience, it would NOT mean that the enduser would
> be unable to choose to view content NOT available from that cache.
> Number of hops to a CDN (or webserver of any kind) has nothing to do
> with a network operator discriminating against a content provider that
> may offer competing content to that of the network operator (which is
> what you are against, I think).
>
>  And, consequently, it turns the basic
>   
>> logic of the Internet on its head.
>>     
>
> no, it IS the basic logic of the Internet.  User types in a url, DNS
> resolves it, web page requested by browser, web page delivered over x
> networks.  making x a smaller number is good for everyone.
>
>   
>> I am not able to see what benefit it gives to the user, to put some content
>> closer to her than other, in a way that has *not* been chosen by her. Can
>> you please tell me what benefit the user gets?
>>     
>
> Well as a development issue, if "she" is in most of the developing
> world it brings "her' up to par with users in NA, the EU and other
> well connected parts of the world.
>
> Would you rather have this:
>
>   
>> tracert google.com
>>     
>
> Tracing route to google.com [209.85.171.100]
> over a maximum of 30 hops:
>
>   1   278 ms    29 ms    29 ms  41.220.7.161
>   2    14 ms    12 ms    16 ms  41.220.2.65
>   3   117 ms    30 ms    16 ms  217-212-242-45.customer.telia.com
> [217.212.242.45]
>   4    39 ms    54 ms    18 ms  41.220.12.225
>   5    66 ms    19 ms    36 ms  41.220.12.41
>   6   161 ms    33 ms    23 ms  41.220.12.49
>   7   220 ms    64 ms    18 ms  if-ctu-edge-ci.data.co.ug [41.220.12.33]
>   8    47 ms    29 ms    27 ms  196.0.0.37
>   9    89 ms    34 ms    69 ms  196.0.0.213
>  10     *        *        *     Request timed out.
>  11   688 ms   702 ms   707 ms  213.255.197.237
>  12   751 ms   716 ms   889 ms  hsrp.gw.sky-vision.net [217.194.158.17]
>  13   832 ms   725 ms   710 ms  GI0-1.gw1.dcm.sky-vision.net [213.255.203.1]
>  14   661 ms   680 ms   660 ms  PO2-0.gw2.nyc.sky-vision.net [213.255.219.38]
>  15     *        *        *     Request timed out.
>  16  1260 ms   760 ms     *     209.85.255.68
>  17   720 ms   952 ms   724 ms  216.239.46.227
>  18   745 ms   756 ms   708 ms  72.14.232.141
>  19   812 ms   737 ms   779 ms  209.85.243.117
>  20   783 ms   752 ms   819 ms  209.85.248.129
>  21     *      945 ms     *     216.239.46.200
>  22   880 ms   818 ms   755 ms  64.233.174.97
>  23   758 ms   757 ms   803 ms  209.85.251.153
>  24     *      806 ms   850 ms  74.125.31.2
>  25   771 ms   774 ms   807 ms  cg-in-f100.google.com [209.85.171.100]
>
> Trace complete.
>
> OR something more like this:
>
> Tracing route to google.com [209.85.171.100]
> over a maximum of 30 hops:
>
>   1   278 ms    29 ms    29 ms  41.220.7.161
>   2    14 ms    12 ms    16 ms  41.220.2.65
>   3   117 ms    30 ms    16 ms  217-212-242-45.customer.telia.com
> [217.212.242.45]
>   4    39 ms    54 ms    18 ms  41.220.12.225
>   5    66 ms    19 ms    36 ms  41.220.12.41
>   6   161 ms    33 ms    23 ms  41.220.12.49
>   7   220 ms    64 ms    18 ms  if-ctu-edge-ci.data.co.ug [41.220.12.33]
>   8    47 ms    29 ms    27 ms  196.0.0.37
>   9   771 ms   774 ms   807 ms  cg-in-f100.google.com [209.85.171.100]
>
>
> Would you rather people in the developing world have higher latency
> relative to folks in the more developed bits of the planet?
>
> Would you rather end users have this:
>
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping google.com
>
> Pinging google.com [209.85.171.100] with 32 bytes of data:
>
> Reply from 209.85.171.100: bytes=32 time=718ms TTL=232
> Reply from 209.85.171.100: bytes=32 time=814ms TTL=232
> Reply from 209.85.171.100: bytes=32 time=770ms TTL=232
> Reply from 209.85.171.100: bytes=32 time=724ms TTL=232
>
> Ping statistics for 209.85.171.100:
>     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
> Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
>     Minimum = 718ms, Maximum = 814ms, Average = 756ms
>
> or something like this (where it is likely a Google cache will be
> deployed soon):
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping mtn.co.ug
>
> Pinging mtn.co.ug [212.88.97.22] with 32 bytes of data:
>
> Reply from 212.88.97.22: bytes=32 time=134ms TTL=121
> Reply from 212.88.97.22: bytes=32 time=46ms TTL=121
> Reply from 212.88.97.22: bytes=32 time=51ms TTL=121
> Reply from 212.88.97.22: bytes=32 time=49ms TTL=121
>
> Ping statistics for 212.88.97.22:
>     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
> Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
>     Minimum = 46ms, Maximum = 134ms, Average = 70ms
>
>
> The loss, on the other hand,
>   
>> is obvious; it interferes with free exercise of her choice.
>>     
>
> It does no such thing. If "she" chooses to use a website, then that
> website is delivered via the best effort Internet.  If she happens to
> choose a website that is cached locally, the website is delivered via
> the best effort Internet, only in fewer hops, and therefore "she" has
> a better user experience.
>
> This was discussed at length at the UG and EA IGFs as an African IG
> issue.  We WANT more edge and local caches.  Our brothers in Nairobi
> have root server instances, an Akamai server AND a Google cache.  That
> means that the networks connected to them ALL have access to cached
> content, which gives users better experiences, but also saves them
> money, as the content is only downloaded to EAfrica once and
> distributed from there to users.  This brings the cost of connectivity
> down for all.
>
> In your quest for some brand of egalitarianism, you have actually
> taken a deeply anti-development stance on this issue.
>
> <pissing match twixt you and Milton snipped>
>
>   
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