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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Ian, David, Tamir:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Sorry for my late entry into this discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">We need to understand the historical context in which concepts such as “in their respective roles” and “equal footing” arose.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">In the first phase of WSIS, governments insisted that global internet policy could only be made by them. That was their right exclusively, they believed, based
on classic, 19<sup>th</sup> century concepts of territorial sovereignty. If you read the WSIS Declaration you see the roles for governments, civil society and the private sector spelled out. Private sector was supposed to be confined to operational matters,
and the role of civil society is so vague as to be almost laughable, but it had something to do with local communities.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">The civil society and private sector actors, on the other hand, wanted equal status in global internet governance. This was particularly true of those involved
in ICANN, which was a non-governmental governance institution, in which governments not only did not have the final say in making policy, but actually were confined to an advisory capacity.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">WSIS was a (not very coherent) compromise in which multistakeholder governance was formally recognized and accepted, but (as a document written entirely by governments)
said that the different stakeholders had different “roles.” And the IGF was created as a forum in which all stakeholders could discuss – but _<i>not</i>_ decide – issues on an “equal footing.”
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">The division of labor called for by “in their respective roles” never really worked. ICANN went on about its business, strengthening the role of governments but
never elevating them to the special status that the WSIS resolutions wanted. GAC is still advisory, and outside of ICANN, in things like the issue of cyber norms, we see civil society and the private sector as influential as governments. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Internet governance is transnational and the “public” it governs is transnational, yet governments are territorial. Internet governance does not work by means
of formal treaties negotiated among territorial sovereigns, for two reasons: 1) because the governments cannot agree on any rules, and 2) in IG, operational and technical matters are fully integrated with policy decisions so that private sector really has
a lot of the de facto decision making power. Any attempt to govern a globalized system such as the DNS based on territorial sovereignty, for example, would threaten the global compatibility of the internet.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">The thing to understand here is that multistakeholder governance, in which national governments do NOT hold the final say, is necessary for cyberspace because
cyberspace is global, transnational. Multistakeholder gov fills the gaps left by the shortcomings of territorial governance.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Now, for you to ask, Ian, whether “multistakeholder governance” or “equal footing” is needed or works at the _<i>national</i>_ level kind of misses the point
of the whole debate over MS that took place (and is still taking place) around _<i>global</i>_ internet governance. Of course at the national level, you have a single sovereign government and it is much less problematic for national decisions to be made under
the framework of traditional national governance. And in democratic societies, there are all kinds of consultations, public-private partnerships, and power sharing arrangements but in the final analysis the state is the decider at the national level. The
reason we’ve moved away from that for global IG is because there is no global sovereign.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">These issues are very close to the theme of an IGF workshop I organized along with Bill Drake. You can check out the speakers and themes here:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://igf2019.sched.com/event/8255ed1c308e604776fbb689d39138dd">https://igf2019.sched.com/event/8255ed1c308e604776fbb689d39138dd</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> governance-request@lists.riseup.net <governance-request@lists.riseup.net>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>david_allen_ab63@post.harvard.edu<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 29, 2019 8:36 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> governance <governance@lists.riseup.net><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [governance] Good examples of muiltistakeholder policy development at a national level?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">How about "in their respective roles"?<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">David<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Oct 29, 2019, at 4:42 PM, Ian Peter <<a href="mailto:ian.peter@ianpeter.com">ian.peter@ianpeter.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">I am interested to know of examples of nation states that might have reasonable to good practices for involving civil society and the private sector in internet related policy development,
along the lines perhaps of the ancient WSIS definition of "on an equal footing".</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Is anyone doing this this other than in a token fashion? A few years ago we had a good example with Brazil, but a change of government changed that. What are our good examples now, or don't
they exist?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Ian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">---<br>
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