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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" lang="EN-US">Some of you made me notice that a part of my original email (including references, etc.) was accidentally erased.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" lang="EN-US">Below the complete email, with my apologies for the inconvenience </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" lang="EN-US">Have an excellent day.</span></p>
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" lang="EN-US">Luca</span>
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<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">Dear colleagues, </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">At the end of May, TEDxRoma invited me to give a TEDtalk on “From Net Neutrality to Network Self-determination”. The video recording of the talk has just been released and is now available here <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-xlBqbNzGU" target="_blank"> <span style="color: #0563c1;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-xlBqbNzGU</span></a> </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">I would like to thank those on this list with whom, over the past years, I had the pleasure to discuss net neutrality, community networks, prosumer law, data sovereignty and all the issues that I tried to connect and condensate in the talk. </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">As you may know, the TED format prescribes a (roughly) 13 minute long “story-telling” talk and, of course, such format does not allow for an in-depth analysis. For those of you who might be interested in knowing more about the issues analysed in the talk, I am pasting below the short descriptions (with a brief list of references) of two lectures I will give in two weeks at CeTyS, Universidad de San Andrés, to analyse in further detail Net Neutrality evolutions and the concept of Network Self-determination.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">As usual, if you have any comments or questions, feel free to write me a private message. </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">All the best</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">Luca </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; font-variant: small-caps;" lang="EN-GB">Net Neutrality Policies, Zero Rating and the Minitelisation of the Internet</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">The Internet was designed as a general-purpose network grounded on openness, decentralisation and interoperability. Such features have allowed innovation to flourish, lowering barriers to communication, participation and cooperation, thus empowering end users. ‘General purpose’ means that the purpose for which the Internet is used is not predefined by the operator but can be autonomously decided by the end user. In this sense, the network neutrality (NN) principle mandates non-discriminatory treatment of Internet traffic to preserve an open environment, fostering the general-purpose nature of the Internet, unleashing end users’ creativity.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">This lecture will explore the evolution of the NN debate, stressing that the rationale of NN policies is to preserve an open and decentralised Internet architecture, empowering end users, fostering innovation and protecting users’ rights. The analysis of the different stages of NN policymaking will lead to one of the latest chapter of the NN saga: the emergence of zero rating (ZR) schemes and their compatibility with NN. The lecture will analyse how discriminatory practices with regard to both Internet traffic management and price differentiation may lead to a phenomenon defined as “Minitelisation” (Belli 2017) of the Internet, consisting of the shift from a user-centric, general-purpose network to one with a predefined purpose, thereby creating passive consumers of predetermined services (as in the old-fashioned Minitel), rather than active Internet users. </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">References</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Symbol;" lang="EN-GB">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">Net Neutrality Compendium. Human Rights, Free Competition and the Future of the Internet. Springer. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri Light',sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Expression/Telecommunications/LucaBelli.pdf">https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Expression/Telecommunications/LucaBelli.pdf</a> </span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 90px;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #0d0d0d; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #0D0D0D; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;" lang="EN-GB">Net Neutrality, Zero-rating and the Minitelisation of the Internet. Journal of Cyber Policy. Routledge. Vol 2 , nº 1. pp 96-122. </span> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;"><a href="https://internet-governance.fgv.br/sites/internet-governance.fgv.br/files/publicacoes/net_neutrality_zero-rating_the_minitelisation_of_the_internet_final.pdf">https://internet-governance.fgv.br/sites/internet-governance.fgv.br/files/publicacoes/net_neutrality_zero-rating_the_minitelisation_of_the_internet_final.pdf</a> </span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 90px;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; color: #0d0d0d; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #0D0D0D; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;" lang="EN-GB">European net neutrality, at last? openDemocracy. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/luca-belli-christopher-t-marsden/european-net-neutrality-at-last">https://www.opendemocracy.net/luca-belli-christopher-t-marsden/european-net-neutrality-at-last</a></span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90px;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">The scramble for data and the need for network self-determination. openDemocracy. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/luca-belli/scramble-for-data-and-need-for-network-self-determination">https://www.opendemocracy.net/luca-belli/scramble-for-data-and-need-for-network-self-determination</a> </span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90px;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="ES-TRAD">Neutralidad de la red, el zero-rating y el Marco Civil de Internet. In Belli Luca y Olga Cavalli (2018). Gobernanza y regulaciones de Internet en América Latina. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">FGV Direito Rio. pp 177-201. <a href="http://www.bit.ly/IGRlatam">www.bit.ly/IGRlatam</a> </span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90px;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">For further information see </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.networkneutrality.info"><span lang="EN-GB">www.networkneutrality.info</span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; font-variant: small-caps;" lang="EN-GB">Community Networks: towards Network Self-Determination</span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">Access to well-functioning network infrastructure on affordable and non-discriminatory terms facilitates significantly the full enjoyment of one’s fundamental rights. This lecture will start by analysing the current state of play of Internet connectivity in the region while considering some local examples to identify the reasons why almost half of the world population is still offline.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">Subsequently, the lecture will focus on Community Networks, exploring the wide range of positive externalities triggered by such initiatives. Community Networks are better characterised by the fact that they are organised and deployed in a bottom-up fashion, in order to be utilised and managed by the local community as a commons.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">Lastly, the lecture will focus on the emergence of a “right to Network self-determination” (Belli 2017) that should be seen as the right to freely associate in order to define, in a democratic fashion, the design, development and management of network infrastructure as a common good, so that all individuals can freely seek, impart and receive information and innovation. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">The legal as well as empirical basis of the right to Network Self-determination will be explored. </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">References</span> </span></strong></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Symbol;" lang="EN-GB">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">Network self-determination: When building the Internet becomes a right. IETF Journal. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.ietfjournal.org/network-self-determination-when-building-the-internet-becomes-a-right/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0563c1;" lang="EN-GB">https://www.ietfjournal.org/network-self-determination-when-building-the-internet-becomes-a-right/</span></a></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Symbol;" lang="EN-GB">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">Network Self-determination and the Positive Externalities of Community Networks. in Luca Belli (Ed.) Community networks: the Internet by the people, for the people. pp 35-64. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;"><a href="http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/19924" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0563c1;" lang="EN-GB">http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/19924</span></a></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">Community networks: the Internet by the people, for the people. Official Outcome of the UN IGF Dynamic Coalition on Community Connectivity. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;">Rio de Janeiro. FGV Direito Rio. <a href="http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/19401" target="_blank"> <span style="color: #0563c1;">http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/19401</span></a></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">Community connectivity: building the Internet from scratch: annual report of the UN IGF Dynamic Coalition on Community Connectivity. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;">Rio de Janeiro. FGV Direito Rio. <a href="http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/17528" target="_blank"> <span style="color: #0563c1;">http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/17528</span></a></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Symbol;" lang="EN-GB">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB">For further information see </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.comconnectivity.org/resources" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0563c1;" lang="EN-GB">www.comconnectivity.org/resources</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
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<p style="mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 3.7pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #008ecf;" lang="EN-US">Luca Belli, PhD</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #666666;" lang="EN-US"><br /> <em><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">Senior Researcher </span></em><br /> <em><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">Head of </span></em></span><em><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #666666;"><a href="http://internet-governance.fgv.br/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0563c1;" lang="EN-US">Internet Governance @ FGV</span></a></span></strong></em></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 3.7pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #666666;" lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:luca.belli@fgv.br">luca.belli@fgv.br</a></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #666666;" lang="EN-US"><br /> +55 21 3799 <strong><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">5763</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 3.7pt;"><em><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #666666;"><a href="https://twitter.com/1lucabelli" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0563c1;" lang="EN-US">@1lucabelli</span></a></span></strong></em></p>
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