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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Nick,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>No, you must have misread. What I wrote was that competitive/market solutions were one among a range of possible solutions, the specifics of which should be determined based on local needs and resources (and not those determined by Washington or London). My proposal was to open up the range of solutions to include for example, locally owned/municipal networks such as those currently being promoted by the Obama government but which are directly excluded by the market fundamentalism of the A4AI “best practices”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>In the original blogpost and repeated in the second (directed at the regulator) I suggested that research be conducted to identify empirically the impact of market fundamentalist approaches as well as mixed policy approaches and publicly funded approaches on under/unserved populations.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The issue is not which approach makes the Internet cheaper (or faster) but which most effectively (and efficiently) resolves the issues associated with enabling Internet access and use by marginalized and under/unserved populations. Simply making the Internet cheaper advantages those who already have the wherewithal to access the Internet, not in itself a bad thing as it increases the number of those obtaining such access, but which doesn’t obviously resolve the problems of those who do not have the wherewithal to access the Internet at competitive market based prices.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>And it should be noted that the market fundamentalist approach being insisted upon by A4AI has implications much broader than simply reducing the cost of Internet access. For example the A4AI “Best Practices” also directs the use of Universal Services Funds to an exclusive use in infrastructure development and further structures the process of accessing those funds in such a way as to highly privilege the (international) corporate sector, denying such funds for use by locally developed access programs or governments themselves who might wish to develop programs to service the under/unserved.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>As well the A4AI requires that national governments commits to the US’s “Internet Freedom” campaign rather than for example to an anchoring of Internet access in the broad range of human rights.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>M<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Nick Ashton-Hart [mailto:nashton@consensus.pro] <br><b>Sent:</b> March 27, 2016 9:32 AM<br><b>To:</b> Michael Gurstein <gurstein@gmail.com><br><b>Cc:</b> governance@lists.igcaucus.org; bestbits <bestbits@lists.bestbits.net><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [governance] Blogpost: Alternative "Best Practices" for the A4AI (to be renamed Alliance for an Accessible Internet)<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Michael, what I get from your blogpost, and your deletion and replacement of market-related provisions is that you object to market-based and competition-based policies. You don’t articulate a clear and evidence-based counter-proposal to replace the language that you don’t like.<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>You may not like markets and competition much, but they at least have a clear track record of success across socio-economic contexts in making the Internet cheaper and faster. I don’t know quite what you want to replace that with, nor how one would even judge on an empirical basis whether it was successful. Or whether it has been in the past.<o:p></o:p></p><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 27 Mar 2016, at 20:40, Michael Gurstein <<a href="mailto:gurstein@gmail.com">gurstein@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Nick,</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>I thought that in my<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="https://gurstein.wordpress.com/2016/03/26/alternative-best-practices-for-the-a4ai-to-be-renamed-alliance-for-an-accessible-internet/"><span style='color:purple'>blogpos</span></a>t I was very clear that a range of solutions was possible/appropriate to ensure effective access and use of the Internet for the un/underserved. The need is to adapt the solution to the local/national requirements and resources.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>The A4AI “Best Practices” attempts to impose a single solution fits all approach (market fundamentalist) as the core objective of the initiative.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>M</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Nick Ashton-Hart [<a href="mailto:nashton@consensus.pro"><span style='color:purple'>mailto:nashton@consensus.pro</span></a>]<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><br><b>Sent:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>March 27, 2016 7:08 AM<br><b>To:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Michael Gurstein <<a href="mailto:gurstein@gmail.com"><span style='color:purple'>gurstein@gmail.com</span></a>><br><b>Cc:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="mailto:governance@lists.igcaucus.org"><span style='color:purple'>governance@lists.igcaucus.org</span></a>; bestbits <<a href="mailto:bestbits@lists.bestbits.net"><span style='color:purple'>bestbits@lists.bestbits.net</span></a>><br><b>Subject:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Re: [governance] Blogpost: Alternative "Best Practices" for the A4AI (to be renamed Alliance for an Accessible Internet)</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dear Michael, <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Since you didn’t actually ask for a dialogue, but simply proposed rewriting their activities, I - were I them - would not divine that a dialogue is what you had in mind, quite the opposite in fact.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>As to your views on competitive markets and their suitability, I don’t wish to get into a debate - you are free to think what you like - but there is a very great deal of evidence that competitive telecom markets produce lower Internet access prices at higher performance. I am sitting in an LDC which has exactly this experience and it is far from unique. If your objection to markets means you object to this fundamental idea, again, your free to do what you like, but unless you can point to an equally effective non-market-based solution that works at scale and across all levels of economic development I would’t expect your counterargument to get very far.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 27 Mar 2016, at 19:12, Michael Gurstein <<a href="mailto:gurstein@gmail.com"><span style='color:purple'>gurstein@gmail.com</span></a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Actually Nick (and Mwendwa) I was hoping to engage with one or another of the CS A4AI Alliance members several of whom are active on this list, to discuss my observations on the Best Practices document and that after an appropriate back and forth they might carry those comments forward to the Alliance itself.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> <span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>One thing I want to be very clear about—it is the stated primary objective of the Alliance to ensure that Internet policies in Less Developed Countries conform to the “Best Practices” document. <span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>This document from a policy perspective is explicitly market fundamentalist. <span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>There is no evidence provided or available that a market fundamentalist approach to providing service to the un or underserved in Less Developed or Least Developed countries is an appropriate one and significant evidence from other sectors that this might not be the appropriate policy strategy.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>It is noteworthy that otherwise market friendly countries such as the US are now recognizing that domestically, alternative approaches such as municipally/publicly provided broadband infrastructure is the most appropriate way to proceed to ensure service to the marginalized and those who, for example because of geography, are unlikely to ever receive Internet service from commercial providers.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>I await critical or constructive comments from those CS organizations active both as colleagues in these lists and who are members of the A4AI alliance.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>M</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Nick Ashton-Hart [<a href="mailto:nashton@consensus.pro"><span style='color:purple'>mailto:nashton@consensus.pro</span></a>]<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><br><b>Sent:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>March 26, 2016 11:52 PM<br><b>To:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="mailto:governance@lists.igcaucus.org"><span style='color:purple'>governance@lists.igcaucus.org</span></a>; Michael Gurstein <<a href="mailto:gurstein@gmail.com"><span style='color:purple'>gurstein@gmail.com</span></a>><br><b>Cc:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>bestbits <<a href="mailto:bestbits@lists.bestbits.net"><span style='color:purple'>bestbits@lists.bestbits.net</span></a>><br><b>Subject:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Re: [governance] Blogpost: Alternative "Best Practices" for the A4AI (to be renamed Alliance for an Accessible Internet)</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dear Michael,<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>May I suggest that in the first instance, before proposing to rewrite A4Ai’s entire mission and purpose, you and those interested could have a conversation with them about your concerns?<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I suspect that will get a better reception from presenting them with a redraft completely out of the blue, without having any dialogue.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Regards, Nick<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 26 Mar 2016, at 23:49, Michael Gurstein <<a href="mailto:gurstein@gmail.com"><span style='color:purple'>gurstein@gmail.com</span></a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>My original<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="https://gurstein.wordpress.com/2016/03/20/a4ai-who-could-oppose-a-more-affordable-internet-the-alliance-for-an-affordable-internet-a4ai-and-the-neo-liberal-stealth-campaign-to-control-the-internet-throughout-the-developing-world-and-make/"><span style='color:purple'>blogpost</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>examining the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="http://a4ai.org/best-practices/"><span style='color:purple'>“Policy and Regulatory Best Practices” of the Alliance for an Affordable Internet (A4AI’s)<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></a>has generated some considerable discussion including on the InternetPolicy elist sponsored by the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="http://www.internetsociety.org/"><span style='color:purple'>Internet Society</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>(ISOC). In the course of that discussion a challenge was put forward by Bill Smith, a tech industry veteran, Board Member of ISOC and the “tech evangelist” for PayPal as follows (taken from a post to the InternetPolicy elist (Fri 2016-03-25 9:31 AM)<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><i>What is lacking in the discussion against A4AI, is a well-articulated alternative. Some bits and pieces may appear but they suffer from the same deficiencies attributed to A4AI’s principles, best practices, and policy positions – they are offered as fact with no substantiation.</i><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><i>A4AI has what I consider a set of easily understandable principles, best practices, and policy positions. I suspect that when applied in practice, they will be effective in many circumstances. They may not be appropriate in all. (Think globally act locally.)</i><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><i>What I haven’t seen are a similar set of principles, best practices, and policy positions from the non-neoliberal corner. Perhaps such a set could be presented to this list for consideration and debate.</i><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>This below is my response to this challenge (I have added additional comments by Brandt Dainow also a contributor to the InternetPolicy elist):<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><a href="https://gurstein.wordpress.com/2016/03/26/alternative-best-practices-for-the-a4ai-to-be-renamed-alliance-for-an-accessible-internet/"><span style='color:#954F72'>https://gurstein.wordpress.com/2016/03/26/alternative-best-practices-for-the-a4ai-to-be-renamed-alliance-for-an-accessible-internet/</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><a href="http://tinyurl.com/zhejpvh"><span style='color:#954F72'>http://tinyurl.com/zhejpvh</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>M</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"OpenSans",serif'>____________________________________________________________<br>You received this message as a subscriber on the list:<br> </span><a href="mailto:governance@lists.igcaucus.org"><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"OpenSans",serif;color:#954F72'>governance@lists.igcaucus.org</span></a><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"OpenSans",serif'><br>To be removed from the list, visit:<br> </span><a href="http://www.igcaucus.org/unsubscribing"><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"OpenSans",serif;color:#954F72'>http://www.igcaucus.org/unsubscribing</span></a><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"OpenSans",serif'><br><br>For all other list information and functions, see:<br> </span><a href="http://lists.igcaucus.org/info/governance"><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"OpenSans",serif;color:#954F72'>http://lists.igcaucus.org/info/governance</span></a><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"OpenSans",serif'><br>To edit your profile and to find the IGC's charter, see:<br> </span><a href="http://www.igcaucus.org/"><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"OpenSans",serif;color:#954F72'>http://www.igcaucus.org/</span></a><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"OpenSans",serif'><br><br>Translate this email:<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><a href="http://translate.google.com/translate_t"><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"OpenSans",serif;color:#954F72'>http://translate.google.com/translate_t</span></a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>