<html><head></head><body lang="en-GB" style=""><div dir="ltr">Dear IGC,<div>I am replying to Sala's post in this way because I think it's important that IGC too should take into consideration the importance of due process.</div><div>Sala presents the legal arguments very elegantly below. I have no training in law; however, like many of us, I feel sheltered and supported by the element of law which places the responsibility on the accuser to prove me guilty, and considers me innocent until this is done, rather than requiring me to prove myself to be innocent, and considering me guilty until that happens. With concepts that support all of us, with rights, they have to be upheld for all of us, or all of us will lose them.</div><div>For it to be proved that a person carried out a particular action is relatively easy. For you to prove that you did NOT do something is difficult - because you didn't do it. Doing leaves evidence; not doing doesn't leave anything.</div><div>Sexual harassment can cause in its victims a range of responses from annoyance to terror. It is unacceptable, and policies and processes are needed to deal with it. </div><div>Let's make sure that, in establishing protection in one situation, we don't compromise our rights in another. </div><div>Best wishes</div><div>Deirdre</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 21 March 2016 at 20:34, Salanieta T. Tamanikaiwaimaro <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:salanieta.tamanikaiwaimaro@gmail.com" target="_blank">salanieta.tamanikaiwaimaro@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000">Dear All,</font><div><font color="#000000" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font color="#000000" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">I agree with the spirit of Nighat's email and some of the recommendations by the Center of the Internet Society and offer some remarks on Due Process.<br></font><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><br></font></div><div><i><b><font color="#000000"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Du</font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">e Process - Setting the Context</span></font></b></i></div><div><br></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000">For British common law systems, "Due Process" is a principle emerging from English common law tradition, see Chapter 39 of the Magna Carta: "<span style="line-height:15px">“No freeman shall be arrested, or detained in prison, or deprived of his freehold, or outlawed, or banished, or in any way molested; and we will not set forth against him, nor send against him, unless by the lawful judgment of his peers and [or] by the law of this land.”</span></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000">English Jurist Edward Coke's efforts saw the replacement of the "law of the land with "due process of the law" and influenced the fourth article of the Petition of Right (1628), <span style="line-height:15px">“That no man of what estate or condition that he be, should be put out of his land or tenements, nor taken nor imprisoned, nor disinherited, nor put to death without being brought to answer by </span><span style="line-height:15px"><b>due process of law</b></span><span style="line-height:15px">.” </span></font></div><div><span style="line-height:15px"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><br></font></span></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><span style="line-height:15px">Within the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution as well as in various state constitutions, read that no person shall be “deprived of life, liberty, or property </span><span style="line-height:15px"><b>without due process of law</b>.</span><span style="line-height:15px">”</span></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><span style="line-height:15px"><br></span></font></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Abhinav Chandrachud </span><a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-constitutional-due-process/article436586.ece" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" target="_blank">argues</a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> that in India, due process has become a part of Indian constitutional law via backdoor entry despite constitution framer's intent, see </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Selvi v Karnatka</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> and </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Union of India v R.Ghandi.</i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#000000"><span style="line-height:15px"><br></span></font></div><div><font color="#000000"><b><br></b></font></div><div><font color="#000000"><b><br></b></font></div><div><font color="#000000"><b>Case Study of Why Due Process is Important and Central to Democratic Ethos</b></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:18px">In February, 2016, Jawaharlal Nehru University Students Union president Kanhaiya Kumar was taken into Police Custody for 3 days and faced sedition charges. Students called it a </span></font><a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/jnusu-president-arrested-under-sedition-charges/article8227527.ece" target="_blank"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:18px">"</span></font><span style="line-height:18px">witch-hunt</span><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:18px">"</span></font></a><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:18px">.For </span></font></font><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:18px">Kanhaiya Kumar to defend himself against "tyranny" he has to be able to trust that "Due Process" exists and that his freedom won't be arbitrarily taken away from him without a proper trial where he can also "defend himself". The JNU Teaching Staff said that the conduct of the Police was a threat to "democratic ethos".</span><br></div><div><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:18px"><br></span></font></div><div><b>Alleged Sexual Harrassment Incident at ICANN55 and the Need for Due Process</b></div><div><br></div><div>The matter was reported to the Ombudsman by the Complainant and would have been under investigation. Most ICANN venues are conducted within hotel premises where CCTV cameras are present. Time and space <u>have to be given</u> to the investigators to conduct their appraisal. It is the right of the complainant to register a complaint and to divulge the nature of her complaint to others for as long as it does not prejudice the investigations.<br></div><div><br></div><div>It is also the right of the "accused" to defend himself in the course of these discussions otherwise what we are seeing is <i>Trial by Peers </i>without a proper process. </div><div><br></div><div>In any event, the complainant has many avenues available to her to launch redress and as a law student and one who has access to lawyers, there are many avenues.</div><div><br></div><div>Whether this is the case against JNU's <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:18px">Kanhaiya Kumar or in this case the alleged offender</span> an "unverified", "unsubstantiated" and "unproven" attack without proper due process is a severe breach of human rights. Pre Trial Publicity does neither party any good. This is why you have systems in place, for example in Padimini's case, the Ombudsman who must be given room to conclude the ICANN Office of Ombudsman's investigation.</div><div><br></div><div>ICANN has a formal redress system. The Board and the Ombudsman are well within their powers to appoint a committee to investigate the same. ICANN has <a href="https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/expected-standards-2012-05-15-en" target="_blank">Expected Standards of Behavior</a> for Stakeholders which includes behaving ethically and responsibly and considers ethics and integrity as important. There is need for specific Sexual Harassment Policy and the US <a href="http://www.state.gov/s/ocr/c14800.htm" target="_blank">DoS</a> has a good one which can be largely mirrored.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><u>Perspective</u><br></div><div>If Khaled really did do what he is being alleged to have done, then there is a proper process to follow and if he did do what he is alleged to have done, then his conduct should be penalized and appropriate disciplinary actions taken. Another way of looking at this is: If Padimini was sexually harrassed, then she can log a formal complaint and allow for the process to take its course. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Kind Regards,</div><div>Sala</div><div><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Mar 22, 2016 at 10:28 AM, Marianne Franklin <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:m.i.franklin@gold.ac.uk" target="_blank">m.i.franklin@gold.ac.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<br>
<div>Dear all<br>
<br>
See below for an important thread about sexual harassment, at the
recent ICANN meeting but also with respect to the IGF. Of
importance to all of us working with and within Dynamic Coalitions
and other events.<br>
<br>
best<br>
MF<br>
<br>
-------- Forwarded Message --------
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="RIGHT" valign="BASELINE" nowrap="">Subject:
</th>
<td>Re: [bestbits] CIS' Statement on Sexual Harassment at
ICANN55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="RIGHT" valign="BASELINE" nowrap="">Date: </th>
<td>Mon, 21 Mar 2016 18:15:32 +0200</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="RIGHT" valign="BASELINE" nowrap="">From: </th>
<td>Nadira Alaraj <a href="mailto:nadira.araj@gmail.com" target="_blank"><nadira.araj@gmail.com></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="RIGHT" valign="BASELINE" nowrap="">Reply-To:
</th>
<td>Nadira Alaraj <a href="mailto:nadira.araj@gmail.com" target="_blank"><nadira.araj@gmail.com></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="RIGHT" valign="BASELINE" nowrap="">To: </th>
<td><a href="mailto:nigidaad@gmail.com" target="_blank">nigidaad@gmail.com</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="RIGHT" valign="BASELINE" nowrap="">CC: </th>
<td><a href="mailto:bestbits@lists.bestbits.net" target="_blank"><bestbits@lists.bestbits.net></a>
<a href="mailto:bestbits@lists.bestbits.net" target="_blank"><bestbits@lists.bestbits.net></a>,
<a href="mailto:NCSG-DISCUSS@listserv.syr.edu" target="_blank">NCSG-DISCUSS@listserv.syr.edu</a>
<a href="mailto:NCSG-DISCUSS@listserv.syr.edu" target="_blank"><NCSG-DISCUSS@listserv.syr.edu></a>, Sunil Abraham
<a href="mailto:sunil@cis-india.org" target="_blank"><sunil@cis-india.org></a>, <a href="mailto:ncuc-discuss@lists.ncuc.org" target="_blank">ncuc-discuss@lists.ncuc.org</a>
<a href="mailto:ncuc-discuss@lists.ncuc.org" target="_blank"><ncuc-discuss@lists.ncuc.org></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<p dir="ltr">Dear all <br>
I commend Ms. Padmini Baruah courage for bringing this issue to
ICANN and to the civil society public forums.<br>
The discussion here raises a questions and I would like to
direct this to those senior with ICANN. <br>
How we can create a working group to discuss this issue under
ICANN umbrella? It is important the recommendations of this
group to be instituted into ICANN. <br>
Which body of ICANN will grant the official existence of this
group and what constituency it will work?<br>
Hoping these answers will bring the existence of this working
group and follow the pattern of button up approach in decision
making of ICANN and to follow with the recommendations of
Padmini to make them happen. <br>
Best wishes,<br>
Nadira Alaraj</p>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Mar 21, 2016 6:32 PM, <<a href="mailto:nigidaad@gmail.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:nigidaad@gmail.com" target="_blank">nigidaad@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:<br type="attribution">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="auto">
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>First of all, I would like to say I think that Ms
Baruah is an incredibly brave woman for not only making
her story public, but also for not giving up despite
being discouraged to report the incident and CIS for
issuing a statement on rather ignored issue within our
own circles. I personally know many women who don’t
report harassment because there is a lack of support and
significant discouragement. Unfortunately, this leads to
silencing and harassers are thus granted impunity. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Ms Baruah’s statement betrays another reality that
women in this field have to live with if they wish to
continue working: her harasser was granted access to her
space where he was allowed to make her uncomfortable by
staring. I have lost count of the number of women who
have spoken about this. Unless a strong accountability
mechanism is enforced, the rate of reporting harassment
will remain low. Women will not come forward unless they
are guaranteed that they will not have to face their
harasser until they are ready to. Furthermore, having to
face a harasser is triggering and emotional exhaustion
leads to giving up.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>This incident should lead to reflection regarding
harassment in our own tech community and development in
general. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Strong policies should not only be enforced, but
should be culturally sensitive. For example, if women
from a very patriarchal country report harassment to
someone, they should not be asked to first officially
report it legally. Some are unable to do so and will
hesitate to do so due to lack of support. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>More than anything else, as a community, we need to
reflect on how we got here and why. Perhaps some
accountability on our own roles is necessary because men
would not able to harass women so easily unless they
knew they had impunity on some level. While it is
heartening to see conversations taking place, I don’t
believe we can have meaningful change unless we all
collectively discuss how we got here in the first place.
Why does the tech development industry have such a bad
reputation when it comes to harassment? Surely it isn’t
the result of a conspiracy against us.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Jac it would be great if we make this discussion
happen at Gender Dynamic Coalition in next IGF and
discuss how to address the issue of sexual harassment
not only restricted to spaces like ICANN and IGF but
within our own community. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
My two cents..</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best,</div>
<div>Nighat Dad </div>
<div>Digital Rights Foundation, Pakistan. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Sent from my iPhone</div>
<div><br>
On 21-Mar-2016, at 8:00 pm, Sunil Abraham <<a href="mailto:sunil@cis-india.org" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:sunil@cis-india.org" target="_blank">sunil@cis-india.org</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<div dir="ltr"><span>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">The Centre for Internet and Society </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">Statement on Sexual Harassment at ICANN55</span></p>
<br>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">The Centre for Internet and Society (“CIS”) strongly condemns the acts of sexual harassment that took place against one of our representatives, Ms. Padmini Baruah, during ICANN 55 in Marrakech. It is completely unacceptable that an event the scale of an ICANN meeting does not have in place a formal redressal system, a neutral point of contact or even a policy for complainants who have been put through the ordeal of sexual harassment. ICANN cannot claim to be inclusive or diverse if it does not formally recognise a specific procedure or recourse under such instances.</span></p>
<br>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">Ms. Baruah is by no means the first young woman to be subject to such treatment at an ICANN event, but she </span><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">is</span><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent"> the first to raise a </span><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">formal</span><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent"> c
o
mplaint. Following the incident, she was given no immediate remedy or formal recourse, and that has left her with no option but to make the incident publicly known in the interim. The ombudsman’s office has been in touch with her, but this administrative process is simply inadequate for rights-violations.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">
</span><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">Ms. Baruah has received support from various community, staff, and board members. While we are thankful for their support, we believe that this situation can be better dealt with through some positive measures. We ask that ICANN carry out the following steps in order to make its meetings a </span><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">truly </span><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">safe and inclusive space:</span></p>
<br>
<ol style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">
<li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:decimal;font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent">
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:14.6667px;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">Institute a formal redressal system and policy with regard to sexual harassment within ICANN. The policy must be displayed on the ICANN website, at the venue of meetings and made available in delegate kits. </span></p>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:decimal;font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent">
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:14.6667px;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">Institute an Anti Sexual Harassment Committee that is neutral and approachable. Merely having an ombudsman who is a white male, however well intentioned, is inadequate and completely unhelpful to the complainant. The present situation is one where the ombudsman has no effective power and only advises the board.</span></p>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:decimal;font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent">
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:14.6667px;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">Conduct periodic gender and sexual harassment training of the ICANN board to help them better understand these issues. </span></p>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:decimal;font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent">
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:14.6667px;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">Conduct periodic gender and sexual harassment training for the ombudsman even if he/she will not be the exclusive point of contact for complainants as the ombudsman forms an important part of community and participant engagement. </span></p>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:decimal;font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent">
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:14.6667px;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">Conduct periodic gender sensitisation for the ICANN community.</span></p>
</li>
</ol>
<br>
</span></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div><span>____________________________________________________________</span><br>
<span>You received this message as a subscriber on the
list:</span><br>
<span> <a href="mailto:bestbits@lists.bestbits.net" target="_blank">bestbits@lists.bestbits.net</a>.</span><br>
<span>To unsubscribe or change your settings, visit:</span><br>
<span> <a href="http://lists.bestbits.net/wws/info/bestbits" target="_blank">http://lists.bestbits.net/wws/info/bestbits</a></span></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
____________________________________________________________<br>
You received this message as a subscriber on the list:<br>
<a href="mailto:bestbits@lists.bestbits.net" target="_blank">bestbits@lists.bestbits.net</a>.<br>
To unsubscribe or change your settings, visit:<br>
<a href="http://lists.bestbits.net/wws/info/bestbits" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.bestbits.net/wws/info/bestbits</a><br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<br>_______________________________________________<br>
IRP mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:IRP@lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org" target="_blank">IRP@lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org</a><br>
<a href="https://lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org/mailman/listinfo/irp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org/mailman/listinfo/irp</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><b><span style="color:rgb(12,52,61)"><font size="2">Salanieta Tamanikaiwaimaro aka Sala T<br></font></span></b></div><div><b><span style="color:rgb(12,52,61)"><font size="2">P. O. Box 17862<br></font></span></b></div><div><b><span style="color:rgb(12,52,61)"><font size="2">Suva<br></font></span></b></div><div><b><span style="color:rgb(12,52,61)"><font size="2">Republic of Fiji</font><span><font size="2"><br><br></font></span></span></b></div><div><b><span style="color:rgb(12,52,61)"><font size="2">Cell: <a href="tel:%2B679%207656770" value="+6797656770" target="_blank">+679 7656770</a>; <br></font></span></b></div><div><b><span style="color:rgb(12,52,61)"><font size="2">Home: <a href="tel:%2B679%203362003" value="+6793362003" target="_blank">+679 3362003</a><br></font></span></b></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,255)"><font size="2"><b><span style="color:rgb(12,52,61)">Twitter: @SalanietaT</span></b><br></font></span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,255)"><font size="2"><br></font></span></div><div><i><b><font size="4"><span style="color:rgb(116,27,71)"><span style="font-family:garamond,serif"><br></span></span></font></b></i></div><div><i><b><font size="4"><span style="color:rgb(116,27,71)"><span style="font-family:garamond,serif">"You will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honour." <br><br>Aristotle</span></span></font></b></i><br><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div></div></div>
<br>_______________________________________________<br>
IRP mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:IRP@lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org">IRP@lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org</a><br>
<a href="https://lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org/mailman/listinfo/irp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org/mailman/listinfo/irp</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature">“The fundamental cure for poverty is not money but knowledge" Sir William Arthur Lewis, Nobel Prize Economics, 1979</div>
</div>
<br></body></html>