<div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Dec 8, 2014 at 10:16 PM, Ang Peng Hwa (Prof) <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:TPHANG@ntu.edu.sg" target="_blank">TPHANG@ntu.edu.sg</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
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<div>1. Many people are surprised when I tell them to speed up the Internet, traffic is “managed” or “shaped”. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_shaping" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_shaping</a> </div>
<div>In other words, left to its “organic” self in this Weinberger sense, we will actually have slower Internet speed than if we manage the data.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Traffic is often shaped, but only where it's possible. That is, when you control policy across routers. Or you *contract* specialized treatment with other intermediaries or end networks.</div><div><br></div><div>The open network supports flexibility and interoperability. Specialized treatment impedes that. It's a general purpose platform across autonomous networks.</div><div><br></div><div>You can see some discussion of various practices that affect the flexibility of the network in:</div><div><br></div><div><a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4924.txt" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(59,89,152);text-decoration:none;font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1958.txt</a><br></div><div><a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4924.txt" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(59,89,152);text-decoration:none;font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2775.txt</a><br></div><div><a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4924.txt" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(59,89,152);text-decoration:none;font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3724.txt</a><br></div><div><a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4924.txt" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(59,89,152);text-decoration:none;font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4084.txt</a><br></div><div><a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4924.txt" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(59,89,152);text-decoration:none;font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4924.txt</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>The last one is a sort of synthesis.</div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:18px"><div>
<div>I listen to Tim Wu, who coined the term, and found that he was very careful about this point. He never says no traffic discrimination at all. Some discrimination (i.e. Traffic shaping) in fact is good for the community.<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Yes, Tim Wu started on his theme, with Lessig and Mark Lemley, when our regulators eliminated competition at the physical layer. He is attentive to the fact that the network of networks is not optimized for particular apps, and constructs his case in light of that. However, you don't design the network of networks to serve particular applications. That's, analogically speaking, the difference between a graphics card and a general purpose computer.</div><div><br></div><div>The important thing is to draw the distinction properly. What you do after that (and after you distinguish properly) might be a number of things. I would stress to you that the important thing is that at bare minimum you can track the effect of specialized services on the open platform if you recognize the difference properly.</div><div><br></div><div>This goes into that:</div><br>Comments on Distinguishing Open Internet from Specialized Services<br><a href="http://internetdistinction.com/statement/">http://internetdistinction.com/statement/</a><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:18px"><div><div></div>
<div>But once you do that, it’s a small step to throttling other services that are not in your interests.<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Yes. You can address that based on a proper understanding of the network of networks and of NN in both senses, both the original form and the forms you take when you've let the physical layer become privatized.</div><div><br></div><div> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:18px"><div><div></div>
<div>2. Net neutrality is an intrusion into the rights of the owner of the pipe/system/network. We can intrude into someone’s property rights if the benefits to society at large are greater than the costs of the intrusion. An example is copyright. It is a monopoly
right but there are limits to what the owner can do.<br></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Public franchises, right of way and tort law for common carriers are not that simple. They don't come down to "who owns what [land[." First of all, right of way is not ownership of real property or land; it's a set of rights secured by the state as an easement across other people's property. The rights of an incumbent are of that nature. Yes, in many cases, the pipe they lay is allowed to be their private property -- as an analog, when railroads lose their right of way, they will often go in and remove the ties and rails as their property. However, their rights in the "way" are granted and secured by the state, hence public. They are private in the sense that a private party holds them (sometimes it's "public right of way," which simply means the special rights are held by the general public), but they are not attributes of ordinary private property.</div><div><br></div><div>You're always going to have right of way in populated areas, because the alternative notion of competition would be one where everybody digs their own trenches. Long haul transit can generally be treated more close to "fully private," since indeed each party generally does string their own wires.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Seth</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:18px"><div><div></div>
<div>3. So between #1 and #2, we have a tricky question of balancing needs, demands and interests. It also indicates that net neutrality is not an absolute. Some non-neutrality is good. Where it crosses to bad, and IMHO only when it does so, should we say that
the owner’s right to do what it wants with its pipe ends and society’s interests override. <br></div>
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<div>My 2 cents.</div>
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<p style="font-size:medium;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">Regards,</span></p>
<p style="font-size:medium;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">Peng Hwa ANG</span></p>
<p style="font-size:medium;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"><img type="image/png"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><b><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"><span style="font-weight:normal">Peng
Hwa </span>ANG<span style="font-weight:normal"> (Professor)</span></span></b><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> | Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information | Nanyang Technological University <b>|</b> WKWSCI 02-17, 31 Nanyang Link, Singapore
639798 </span></span></span><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">|</span><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><font color="#1f497d">Tel: (65) 67906109 GMT+8h | Fax: (65) 6792-7526
| Web: </font><a href="http://www.sirc.ntu.edu.sg/Home@SiRC/Pages/Team.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.sirc.ntu.edu.sg/Home@SiRC/Pages/Team.aspx</a></p>
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<div style="font-family:Consolas,monospace;font-size:16px">On 9/12/14 10:23 am, "michael gurstein" <<a href="mailto:gurstein@gmail.com" target="_blank">gurstein@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div>-----Original Message-----</div>
<div>From: Netneutrality [<a href="mailto:netneutrality-bounces@intgovforum.org" target="_blank">mailto:netneutrality-bounces@intgovforum.org</a>] On Behalf Of Seth Johnson</div>
<div>Sent: Monday, December 08, 2014 11:14 PM</div>
<div>To: <a href="mailto:netneutrality@intgovforum.org" target="_blank">netneutrality@intgovforum.org</a>;
<a href="mailto:nncoalition@mailman.edri.org" target="_blank">nncoalition@mailman.edri.org</a>; bestbits</div>
<div>Subject: [Netneutrality] Organic Net Neutrality: David Weinberger</div>
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<div>David Weinberger coins a term and makes a critical point:</div>
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<div>Organic Net Neutrality</div>
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<div><a href="https://ting.com/blog/organic-net-neutrality/" target="_blank">https://ting.com/blog/organic-net-neutrality/</a></div>
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<div>There are two types of Net Neutrality. Supporters of it (like me) spend most of their time arguing for Artificial Net Neutrality: a government policy that regulates the few dominant providers of access to the Internet. In fact, we should be spending more
of our time reminding people that before Artificial Net Neutrality the Internet came by its neutrality naturally, even organically.</div>
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<div>To see the difference, you have to keep in mind, (as my friend Doc Searls frequently reminds me) that Net Neutrality refers not only to a policy but to a fundamental characteristic of the Internet. The Internet is an inter-network: local networks agree
to pass data (divided into packets) without discriminating among them, so that no matter what participating network you’re plugged into, you can always get and send information anywhere else on the Net. That’s the magic of the Net: It doesn’t care how you’ve
plugged in, where you are, or what sort of information you’re looking for. It will all get to you, no matter where it’s coming from, what it’s about, or what type of application created it.</div>
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<div>In fact, it’s because the creators of the Internet didn’t try to anticipate what people would use it for that it has become the greatest engine of creativity and wealth in recorded history. For example, if the Internet had been designed primarily for connecting
static pages, it would have become less suitable for phone calls or video. If the current Internet access providers decide that videos are their highest priority traffic, then online games might suffer, and it would be harder to establish the next new idea
— maybe it’s holograms or some new high-def audio stream or a web of astronomers working on data shared around the world.</div>
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<div>In short, we don’t want the businesses that sell us access to the Internet to have the power to decide what gets priority on the Internet…especially since many of them are also in the content business and thus would be tempted to give preference to their
own videos and music streams. Artificial Net Neutrality as a policy is intended to preserve the Internet’s non-discriminatory nature by regulating the access providers.</div>
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<div>Even the most fervent supporters of Net Neutrality policies usually favor it only because we now have so few access providers (also known as Internet Service Providers, or ISPs). Before a series of decisions by the U.S. Federal Communications Commision
beginning in 2002, and a ruling by the Supreme Court in 2005, there were more than 9,000 ISPs in that country. Now the ones that remain are either serving small, often remote, areas or are one of the tiny handful of absolute giants.</div>
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<div>When you talk about Net Neutrality with Seth Johnson, a tireless advocate presently working at the international level to defend the Internet, he explains that before 2005, when there was a vibrant, competitive market for ISPs, the Internet was naturally
neutral. Back when the Internet was composed of relatively small local networks, if an ISP wanted to promise its subscribers that it would provide a “fast lane” for movies, or games, or singing telegrams, or whatever, it could only provide that favorable discrimination
within its own small network. The many other networks those packets passed through wouldn’t know or care about that one network’s preferences. Zipping packets through the last couple of miles to your house would be like speeding up a jet for the last hundred
meters of its flight: it wouldn’t make any noticeable difference.</div>
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<div>That was then. We need a Net Neutrality policy now because the giant ISPs’ own networks are so extensive that a packet of data may spend most of its time within a single network. That network can institute discriminatory practices that are noticeable.
A Net Neutrality policy prevents them from giving in to this commercial temptation.</div>
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<div>Many of us Net Neutrality advocates, including Seth and Doc, would far rather see the Internet’s natural infrastructure restored — a big network composed of many smaller networks — which would in turn restore natural Net Neutrality. We lost that infrastructure
through a political process. We could get it back the same way, by once again treating the wires and cables through which Internet packets flow as a public resource, open to thousands of competing ISPs, none of which would be able to effectively discriminate
among packets.</div>
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<div>It’s a shame that we’ve let the market for ISPs become so non-competitive that we have to resort to government policies to preserve the Net’s natural neutrality. As with peaches and whole grains, an organically neutral Internet would be even better for
the entire system.</div>
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