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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Thank you David, for clarifying this
point. Tim,
additional clarification is in footnote [1]: ...... the UN
Charter in the
article 41 specifies that sanctions may include ‘complete or
partial
interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air,
postal, telegraphic,
radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of
diplomatic
relations’. The possibility of ‘deleting a country from the
Internet’ or
cutting the Internet links was not used in any of the main
international
conflicts or sanctions regimes, from the Balkans in 1990s till
the recent one
in Syria. </span><span
style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Times;
color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white"><span
style="font-family:Helvetica;color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Although
the
UN Charter provides a legal basis, the possibility of stopping
services of
'resolving' top level domain of countries under the sanctions
has <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>never been used.</span><span
style="font-family:Times;color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Helvetica;
color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Tim, on this question...</span><span
style="font-family:Times;color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Helvetica;
color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><br
style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<!--[endif]--></span><span
style="font-family:Arial;color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB"></span>Did you
mean that they would be the rootzone admin and the database<i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:Helvetica;color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">
manager? They already host a rootserver (L) and are (via IANA
function) the DB manager.</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:Arial;color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Arial;
color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Helvetica;
color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><br>
JOVAN: David clarified that ICANN does
not host the root server. In the blog text, the Verisign option
would be
covered in "continuing to use the current location would require
changes
in the US national law, in order to ensure international
inviolability of the
root database". Since a change in the US law for this type of
immunity/inviolability could be a complex exercise, the solution
for hosting
the server by ICANN could be simpler, especially if a broader
arrangement is
made for ICANN+ (making ICANN a quasi-international
organisation).
This could be also a solution for immunity for ICANN's role as
DB
manager. <br>
<br>
David, I agree that root zone issue is a symbolic one. The US
'deletion’
move is almost as improbable as the chance that the Higgs Boson
experiment in
CERN will create anti-matter field which can siphon the Earth
through a black
hole. But, this probability excited some journalist in Geneva
(nice Dan Brown
style story). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Helvetica;
color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Helvetica;
color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">The rootzone question is
symbolic and it
should be addressed that way. Otherwise, we will - at best -
continue wasting
our time on it or - at worst - have it escalating into the major
issue in the
fast shifting political context.<br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Helvetica;
color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><br>
Regards, Jovan </span><br>
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;
color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"></span><span
style="font-family:Arial;
color:#222222;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 12/9/13 2:53 AM, David Conrad wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:DEB3226B-C977-4B44-BE08-FACF7C7FC53F@virtualized.org"
type="cite">
<pre wrap="">Hi,
On Dec 8, 2013, at 8:26 PM, McTim <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:dogwallah@gmail.com"><dogwallah@gmail.com></a> wrote:
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">"The USA has never used this technical possibility to remove a country
from the Internet (US DOC authorizes ICANN via an IANA contract, to
manage the root zone).[1]"
Can you explain how the US could do this as a "technical possibilty".
AFAIK, they only ascertain if the change was done according to IANA
procedure. They don't have control over the zone itself.
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">
I gather the theory is that some part of the US Government would issue some sort of legally binding directive outside of the normal IANA root zone management function. Realistically, I'd imagine that directive would be applied to Verisign, not ICANN since Verisign is the only organization that has the technical capability to change the root zone unilaterally. Of course, it remains unclear whether the root server operators would accept such a change, but I gather we're talking symbology and theory here.
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">When you wrote "Such an ICANN+ would both host the root server, and
manage the root database."
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">
I'm not sure what "host the root server" means here.
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">Did you mean that they would be the rootzone admin and the database
manager? They already host a rootserver (L) and are (via IANA
function) the DB manager.
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">
There might be a bit of confusion here. To be explicit in the roles:
- ICANN, as the IANA function operator, validates (in terms of syntax, semantics, and that the request can from an authorized party, i.e., the TLD administrator) root zone change requests and submits those validated requests for authorization to NTIA. ICANN is _not_ the database manager.
- US Dept. of Commerce, NTIA authorizes those change requests, verifying ICANN has performed the IANA root zone management function appropriately. Once authorized, the change request is released to Verisign for implementation.
- Verisign, under a cooperative agreement with NTIA, acts as the root zone maintainer. Verisign accepts the NTIA-authorized root zone change request, implements that change request in the root zone by updating the root zone database, resigns the root zone with the DNSSEC zone signing key (which has been signed by the key signing key maintained by ICANN), and then places the changed and newly signed root zone onto a distribution server, notifying (via the DNS protocol) that a new zone is available.
- The 12 root server operators, either due to the notification sent by Verisign or because of timers built into the root zone, automatically pull the new root zone from the distribution server and place it on their servers (which, in most cases, actually a constellation of instances all over the planet). For example, ICANN, as one of the 12 root server operators, pulls the root zone from the distribution master server and then pushes it out to the 146 sites (300+ machines last I heard) that respond to DNS queries sent to the "L" root server address.
I hope this clarifies.
Regards,
-drc
</pre>
</blockquote>
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