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<h1>How State Secrecy Leads to War</h1>
<p class="deck">Why Bradley Manning has done more for American
security than Seal Team Six (Via <a
href="http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/how-state-secrecy-leads-to-war/www.tomdispatch.com">TomDispatch</a>.)</p>
<div class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn
n"
href="http://www.theamericanconservative.com/author/chase-madar"
title="View all posts by Chase Madar">Chase Madar</a></span> •
<a
href="http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/how-state-secrecy-leads-to-war/"
title="4:05 pm" rel="bookmark"><span class="entry-date">June 11,
2013</span></a> </div>
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<p>The prosecution of Bradley Manning, WikiLeaks’ source inside the
U.S. Army, will be pulling out all the stops when it <a
href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/features/2013/06/bradley-manning-on-trial.html"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.thedailybeast.com']);"
target="_blank">calls to the stand</a> a member of Navy SEAL
Team 6, the unit that assassinated Osama bin Laden. The SEAL (in
partial disguise, as his identity is secret) is expected to tell
the military judge that classified documents leaked by Manning to
WikiLeaks were found on bin Laden’s laptop. That will, in turn, be
offered as proof not that bin Laden had internet access like two
billion other earthlings, but that Manning has “aided the enemy,”
a capital offense.</p>
<p>Think of it as courtroom cartoon theater: the heroic slayer of
the <em>jihadi</em> super-villain testifying against the ultimate
bad soldier, a five-foot-two-inch gay man facing 22 charges in
military court and accused of the biggest security breach in U.S.
history.</p>
<p>But let’s be clear on one thing: Manning, the young Army
intelligence analyst who leaked thousands of public documents and
passed them on to WikiLeaks, has done far more for U.S. national
security than SEAL Team 6.</p>
<p>The assassination of Osama bin Laden, the spiritual (but not
operational) leader of al-Qaeda, was a fist-pumping moment of
triumphalism for a lot of Americans, as the Saudi fanatic had come
to incarnate not just al-Qaeda but all national security threats.
This was true despite the fact that, since 9/11, al-Qaeda has been
able to do remarkably little harm to the United States or to the
West in general. (The deadliest attack in a Western nation since
9/11, the 2004 <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://en.wikipedia.org']);"
target="_blank">Atocha bombing</a> in Madrid, was not committed
by bin Laden’s organization, though <a
href="http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/11/29/spains_election_and_us_foreign_policy_after_2012"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com']);"
target="_blank">white-shoe</a> foreign policy magazines and <a
href="http://www.manhattan-institute.org/pdf/scr_05.pdf"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','download','http://www.manhattan-institute.org/pdf/scr_05.pdf']);"
target="_blank">think tanks</a> routinely get this wrong,
“al-Qaeda” being such a handy/sloppy metonym for all terrorism.)</p>
<p>Al-Qaeda remains a simmering menace, but as an organization
hardly the greatest threat to the United States. In fact, if you
measure national security in blood and money, as many of us still
do, by far the greatest threat to the United States over the past
dozen years has been our own clueless foreign policy.</p>
<p><strong>The Wages of Cluelessness Is Death</strong></p>
<p>Look at the numbers. The attacks of September 11, 2001, killed
3,000 people, a large-scale atrocity by any definition. Still,
roughly <a href="http://icasualties.org/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://icasualties.org']);"
target="_blank">double</a> that number of American military
personnel have been killed in Washington’s invasion and occupation
of Iraq and its no-end-in-sight war in Afghanistan. Add in private
military contractors who have <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Iraq_War#Contractors"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://en.wikipedia.org']);"
target="_blank">died</a> in both war zones, along with recently
discharged veterans who have <a
href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/19/veterans-outreach-increases/2001571/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.usatoday.com']);"
target="_blank">committed suicide</a>, and the figure triples.
The number of seriously wounded in both wars is <a
href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/25/iraq-afghanistan-war-wounded_n_2017338.html"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.huffingtonpost.com']);"
target="_blank">cautiously estimated</a> at 50,000. And if you
dare to add in as well the number of <a
href="http://web.mit.edu/cis/pdf/Human_Cost_of_War.pdf"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','download','http://web.mit.edu/cis/pdf/Human_Cost_of_War.pdf']);"
target="_blank">Iraqis</a>, <a
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/aug/10/afghanistan-civilian-casualties-statistics"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.guardian.co.uk']);"
target="_blank">Afghans</a>, and <a
href="http://icasualties.org/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://icasualties.org']);"
target="_blank">foreign coalition personnel</a> killed in both
wars, the death toll reaches at least a hundred 9/11s and probably
more.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/1781680698/ref=nosim/?tag=theamericonse-20"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.amazon.com']);"
target="_blank"><img alt=""
src="cid:part23.04050905.06060705@gmail.com" vspace="6"
hspace="6" align="left"></a>Did these people die to make
America safer? Don’t insult our intelligence. Virtually no one
thinks the Iraq War has made the U.S. more secure, though many
believe the war created <a
href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-09-26-iraq-report_x.htm"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://usatoday30.usatoday.com']);"
target="_blank">new threats</a>. After all, the Iraq we
liberated is now in danger of <a
href="http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/06/why-iraq-is-on-the-precipice-of-civil-war/276562/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.theatlantic.com']);"
target="_blank">collapsing</a> into another bitter, bloody civil
war, is a <a
href="http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2011/07/07/as_iraq_iran_ties_expand_so_do_worries_of_arab_allies_united_states/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.boston.com']);"
target="_blank">close ally</a> of Iran, and <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/03/world/middleeast/china-reaps-biggest-benefits-of-iraq-oil-boom.html"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.nytimes.com']);"
target="_blank">sells</a> the preponderance of its oil to China.
Over the years, the <a href="http://costsofwar.org/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://costsofwar.org']);"
target="_blank">drain</a> on the U.S. treasury for all of this
will be at least several trillion dollars. As for Afghanistan,
after the disruption of al-Qaeda camps, accomplished 10 years ago,
it is difficult to see how the ongoing pacification campaign there
and the CIA drone war across the border in Pakistan’s tribal areas
have enhanced the security of the U.S. in any significant way.
Both wars of occupation were ghastly strategic choices that have
killed hundreds of thousands, wounded many more, sent <a
href="http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/174892/michael_schwartz_the_iraqi_brain_drain"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.tomdispatch.com']);"
target="_blank">millions into exile</a>, and destabilized what
Washington, in good times, used to call “the arc of instability.”</p>
<p>Why have our strategic choices been so disastrous? In large part
because they have been militantly clueless. Starved of important
information, both the media and public opinion were <a
href="http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/9301/jim_lobe_nuclear_drumbeat"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.tomdispatch.com']);"
target="_blank">putty</a> in the hands the Bush administration
and its neocon followers as they dreamt up and then put into
action their geopolitical fantasies. It has since become fashion
for politicians who supported the war to blame the Iraq debacle on
“bad intelligence.” But as former CIA analyst Paul Pillar <a
href="http://nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar/still-peddling-iraq-war-myths-ten-years-later-8227"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://nationalinterest.org']);"
target="_blank">reminds us</a>, the carefully cherry-picked
“Intel” about Saddam Hussein’s WMD program was really never the
issue. After all, the CIA’s classified intelligence estimate on
Iraq argued that, even if that country’s ruler Saddam Hussein did
have weapons of mass destruction (which he didn’t), he would never
use them and was therefore not a threat.</p>
<p>Senator Bob Graham, chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee in
2003, was one of the few people with access to that CIA report who
bothered to take the time to read it. Initially keen on the idea
of invading Iraq, he changed his mind and voted against the
invasion.</p>
<p>What if the entire nation had had access to that highly
classified document? What if bloggers, veterans’ groups, clergy,
journalists, educators, and other opinion leaders had been able to
see the full intelligence estimate, not just the morsels
cherry-picked by Cheney and his mates? Even then, of course, there
was enough information around to convince <a
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2003/feb/15/politics.politicalnews"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.guardian.co.uk']);"
target="_blank">millions of people</a> across the globe of the
folly of such an invasion, but what if some insider had really
laid out the whole truth, not just the cherry-picked pseudofacts
in those months and the games being played by other insiders to
fool Congress and the American people into a war of choice and
design in the Middle East? As we now know, whatever potentially
helpful information there was remained conveniently beyond our
sight until a military and humanitarian disaster was unleashed.</p>
<p>Any private-sector employee who screwed up this badly would be
fired on the spot, or at the very least put under full-scale
supervision. And this was the gift of Bradley Manning: thanks to
his trove of declassified documents our incompetent foreign policy
elites finally have the <a href="http://wikileaks.org/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://wikileaks.org']);"
target="_blank">supervision</a> they manifestly need.</p>
<p>Not surprisingly, foreign policy elites don’t much enjoy being
supervised. Like orthopedic surgeons, police departments, and
every other professional group under the sun, the military brass
and their junior partners in the diplomatic corps feel deeply that
they should be exempt from public oversight. Every volley of
revealed documents from WikiLeaks has stimulated the same <a
href="http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175282/engelhardt_whose_hands_whose_blood"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.tomdispatch.com']);"
target="_blank">outraged response</a> from that crew: near-total
secrecy is essential to the delicate arts of diplomacy and war.</p>
<p>Let us humor our foreign policy elites (who have feelings too),
despite their abysmal 10-year resumé of charred rubble and mangled
limbs. There may be a time and a place for secrecy, even
duplicity, in statecraft. But history shows that a heavy
blood-price is often attached to diplomats saying one thing in
public and meaning something else in private. In the late 1940s,
for instance, the United States publicly declared that the Korean
peninsula was not viewed by Washington as a vital interest,
emboldening the North to invade the South and begin the Korean
War. Our government infamously escalated the Vietnam War behind a
smokescreen of official secrecy, distortion, and lies. Saddam
Hussein rolled into Kuwait after U.S. Ambassador to Iraq April
Glaspie <a
href="http://news.antiwar.com/2011/01/02/glaspie-memo-leaked-us-dealings-with-iraq-ahead-of-1990-invasion-of-kuwait-detailed/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://news.antiwar.com']);"
target="_blank">told</a> the Ba’athist strongman that he could
do what he pleased on his southern border and still bask in the
good graces of Washington. This is not a record of success.</p>
<p>So what’s wrong with diplomats doing more of their business in
the daylight—a very old idea not cooked up at Julian Assange’s
kitchen table five years ago? Check out the mainstream political
science literature on international relations and you’ll find
rigorous, respectable, borderline-boring studies touting the
virtues of relative transparency in statecraft—as, for example,
in <a href="http://www3.nd.edu/%7Edlindley/handouts/COE.htm"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www3.nd.edu']);"
target="_blank">making</a> the post-Napoleonic Concert of Europe
such a durable peace deal. On the other hand, when nation-states
get coy about their commitments to other states or to their own
citizenry, violent disaster is often in the offing.</p>
<p><strong>Dystopian Secrecy<br>
</strong></p>
<p>Foreign policy elites regularly swear that the WikiLeaks example,
if allowed to stand, puts us on a perilous path towards “total
transparency.” Wrong again. In fact, without the help of WikiLeaks
and others, there is no question that the U.S. national security
state, as the most recent phone and Internet revelations indicate,
is moving towards something remarkably like total state secrecy.
The classification of documents has gone through the roof.
Washington classified a staggering <a
href="http://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/letter-president-obama-security-classification-reform-steering-committee"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.brennancenter.org']);"
target="_blank">92 million public records</a> in 2011, up from
77 million the year before and from 14 million in 2003. (By way of
comparison, the various troves of documents Manning leaked add up
to less than 1% of what Washington classifies annually—not exactly
the definition of “total transparency”.)</p>
<p>Meanwhile, the declassification of ancient secrets within the
national security state moves at a near-geological tempo. The
National Security Agency, for example, only finished <a
href="http://gawker.com/5810354/national-security-agency-declassifies-200+year+old-book"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://gawker.com']);"
target="_blank">declassifying documents</a> from the Madison
presidency (1809-1817) in 2011. No less indicative of Washington’s
course, the prosecution of governmental whistleblowers in the
Obama years has burned with a particularly vindictive fury, fueled
by both political parties and Congress as well as the White House.</p>
<p>Our government secrecy fetishists invest their security
clearances (held by an elite coterie of <a
href="http://blogs.fas.org/secrecy/2012/07/cleared_population/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://blogs.fas.org']);"
target="_blank">4.8 million</a> people) and the information
security (InfoSec) regime they continue to elaborate with all
sorts of protective powers over life and limb. But what gets
people killed, no matter how much our pols and pundits strain to
deny it, aren’t InfoSec breaches or media leaks, but foolish and
clueless strategic choices. Putting the blame on leaks is a nice
way to pass the buck, but at the risk of stating the obvious, what
has killed <a href="http://icasualties.org/oef/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://icasualties.org']);"
target="_blank">1,605</a> U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan since
2009 is the war in Afghanistan—not Bradley Manning or any of the
other five leakers whom Obama has <a
href="http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175500/peter_van_buren_silent_state"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.tomdispatch.com']);"
target="_blank">prosecuted</a> under the Espionage Act of 1917.
Leaks and whistleblowers should not be made scapegoats for bad
strategic choices, which would have been a whole lot less bad had
they been informed by all the relevant facts.</p>
<p>Pardon my utopian extremism, but knowing what your government is
doing really isn’t such a bad thing and it has to do with aiding
the (American) public, not the enemy. Knowing what your government
is doing is not some special privilege that the government
generously bestows on us when we’re good and obedient citizens,
it’s an obligation that goes to the heart of the matter in a free
country. After all, it should be ordinary citizens like us who
make the ultimate decision about whether war X is worth fighting
or not, worth escalating or not, worth ending or not.</p>
<p>When such momentous public decisions are made and the public
doesn’t have—isn’t allowed to have—a clue, you end up in a fantasy
land of aggressive actions that, over the past dozen years, have
gotten hundreds of thousands killed and left us in a far more
dangerous world. These are the wages of dystopian government
secrecy.</p>
<p>Despite endless panic and hysteria on the subject from both major
parties, the White House, and Congress, leaks have been good for
us. They’re how we came to learn much about the Vietnam War, much
about the Watergate scandal, and most recently, <a
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.guardian.co.uk']);"
target="_blank">far more</a> about state surveillance of our
phone calls and email. Bradley Manning’s leaks in particular have
already yielded real, tangible benefits, most vividly their <a
href="http://www.cnn.com/2011/OPINION/01/18/tunisia.wikileaks/index.html"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.cnn.com']);"
target="_blank">small but significant role</a> in sparking the
rebellion that ejected a dictator in Tunisia and the way they <a
href="http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/25/world/la-fg-iraq-haditha-20120125"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://articles.latimes.com']);"
target="_blank">indirectly expedited</a>our military exit from
Iraq. Manning’s leaked reports of U.S. atrocities in Iraq,
displayed in newspapers globally, made it politically impossible
for the Iraqi authorities to perpetuate domestic legal immunity
for America troops, Washington’s bedrock condition for a
much-desired continuing presence there. If it weren’t for
Manning’s leaks, the U.S. might still be in Iraq, killing and
being killed for no legitimate reason, and that is the very
opposite of national security.</p>
<p><strong>Knowledge is Not Evil</strong></p>
<p>Thanks to Bradley Manning, our disaster-prone elites have gotten
a dose of the adult supervision they so clearly require. Instead
of charging him with aiding the enemy, the Obama administration
ought to send him a get-out-of-jail-free card and a basket of
fruit. If we’re going to stop the self-inflicted wars that
continue to hemorrhage blood and money, we need to get a clue,
fast. Should we ever bother to learn from the uncensored truth of
our foreign policy failures, which have destroyed so many more
lives than the late bin Laden could ever have hoped, we at least
stand a chance of not repeating them.</p>
<p>I am not trying to soft-pedal or sanitize Manning’s magnificent
act of civil disobedience. The young private humiliated the U.S.
Army by displaying for all to see their complete lack of real
information security. Manning has revealed the diplomatic corps to
be hard at work <a
href="http://www.thenation.com/article/161057/wikileaks-haiti-let-them-live-3-day"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.thenation.com']);"
target="_blank">shilling</a> for garment manufacturers in Haiti,
for <a
href="http://www.theatlanticwire.com/global/2011/10/wikileaks-cables-show-how-big-pharma-shapes-foreign-policy/43264/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.theatlanticwire.com']);"
target="_blank">Big Pharma in Europe</a>, and under signed
orders from then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to <a
href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/press_box/2010/11/wikileaks_hillary_clinton_and_the_smoking_gun.single.html"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.slate.com']);"
target="_blank">collect</a> biometric data and credit card
numbers from their foreign counterparts. Most important, Manning
brought us face to face with two disastrous wars, forcing
Americans to <a href="http://www.collateralmurder.com/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.collateralmurder.com']);"
target="_blank">share</a> a burden of knowledge previously
shouldered only by our soldiers, whom we love to call heroes from
a very safe distance.</p>
<p>Did Manning violate provisions of the Uniform Code of Military
Justice? He certainly did, and a crushing sentence of possibly
decades in military prison is surely on its way. Military law is
marvelously elastic when it comes to <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/04/opinion/dont-trust-the-pentagon-to-end-rape.html"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.nytimes.com']);"
target="_blank">rape and sexual assault</a> and perfectly
easygoing about the <a
href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Military/2012/0124/Marine-demoted-to-private-to-end-Haditha-trial.-Did-military-justice-work"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.csmonitor.com']);"
target="_blank">slaughter</a> of foreign civilians, but it puts
on a stern face for the unspeakable act of declassifying
documents. But the young private’s act of civil defiance was in
fact a first step in reversing the pathologies that have made our
foreign policy a string of self-inflicted homicidal disasters. By
letting us in on more than a half million “secrets,” Bradley
Manning has done far more for American national security than SEAL
Team 6 ever did.</p>
<p><em>Chase Madar is an attorney and the author of </em><a
href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/1781680698/ref=nosim/?tag=theamericonse-20"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.amazon.com']);"
target="_blank">The Passion of Bradley Manning: The Story Behind
the WikiLeaks Whistleblower</a><em>. A </em><a
href="http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175654/chase_madar_the_school-security_america_doesn"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.tomdispatch.com']);"
t_need"="" target="_blank"><em>TomDispatch regular</em></a><em>,
he writes for the </em>London Review of Books<em>, </em>Le Monde
Diplomatique<em>, the </em>American Conservative<em>, and
CounterPunch</em>. <em>He is covering the Manning trial daily
for the </em><a
href="http://www.thenation.com/blogs/chase-madar"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.thenation.com']);"
target="_blank">Nation<em> magazine</em></a><em>. Follow
TomDispatch on Twitter and join us on <a
href="http://www.facebook.com/tomdispatch"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.facebook.com']);"
target="_blank">Facebook</a>. Copyright 2013 Chase Madar<br>
</em></p>
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