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    Milton/ All<br>
    <br>
    As as been mentioned a few times earlier, we are not developing a
    definition of the Internet. We are making an advocacy statement,
    whereby there is an identified context - a recognition of a growing
    problem in this regard, and a recommendation about the directions
    that IG should therefore take.<br>
    <br>
    You say that the statement of the problem is not true. I believe
    that most people here agree with the problem statement  of
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        color="#000000">“<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font
            style="font-size: 13pt" size="3">the
            growing danger for the Internet experience to be reduced to
            closed or
            proprietary online spaces.”</font></font></font></p>
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    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm">but, well, that can be tested out.<br>
    </p>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm">Having stated the problem, the
      proposed statement seeks that the "<span
        style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">preservation
        and enhancement of the Internet's global commons and public good
        character". Advocacy statement are made in a particular context
        (the recognition of a problem here) and have a particular intent
        (further evolution of IG to move *more* in a particular
        direction rather than the other).<br>
      </span></p>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span
        style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">You
        are proposing that we add to the statement the need to save and
        promote its private (property) character as well. <br>
      </span></p>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm">Now, advocacy statements are not made
      like this. For instance, most global civil society networks will
      accept an advocacy statement like "we should promote the commons
      character of knowledge". Almost all of them will scoff at the
      demand to add to this something like "we do recognise the need to
      privatise knowledge to provide enough incentives for its further
      creation and so on", while admittedly, there is some truth in this
      possible addition. But if you add this, it is not worth making a
      statement at all. The purpose which was intended is not served. </p>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm">Meanwhile, it is possible to make
      another advocacy statement on the issue related to the private
      (property) nature of the Internet, but for that you will need to
      frame the problem which you have not yet done. Please make your
      case how the private property nature of the Internet is threatened
      and what do you think should be done about it. Lets discuss it
      here, and if there seems to be good support go to a consensus
      seeking process.<br>
    </p>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm">Meanwhile, I propose that the
      coordinators put the current text of the proposed statement to a
      consensus seeking process. It will either get consensus or rough
      consensus or it will not. and we can get onto to other things.
      However, too much energy has been spent by a lot of people here to
      just leave it like that. Moreover, the content of the statement is
      close to the heart of many of us here and we have the right to
      know what the caucus thinks of it. <br>
    </p>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm">I think the current text stands as
      follows (Mawaki/ others, correct me if I am wrong)<br>
    </p>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><b><span
          style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">"We

          recognise the Internet to be a global, end-to-end, network of
          networks comprised of computing devices and processes, and an
          emergent and emerging social reality. In that sense, it is an
          intricate combination of hardware, software, protocols, and
          human intentionality enabling new kinds of social interactions
          and transactions, brought together by a common set of design
          principles. The design principles and policies that constitute
          Internet's governance should be derived through open and
          transparent, participatory democratic processes involving all
          stakeholders.  While such principles and policies strive to
          ensure stability, functionality and security of the Internet,
          they must also aim at preserving and enhancing the global
          commons and global public good character of the Internet, the
          combination of which has made previous innovations possible.
          Therefore, in the face of the growing danger for the Internet
          experience to be reduced to closed or proprietary online
          spaces, we urge that the governance of the Internet promote
          the preservation and enhancement of the Internet's global
          commons and public good character. "</span></b></p>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><br>
      parminder<br>
    </p>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><br>
      <br>
    </p>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On Saturday 27 April 2013 07:40 PM,
      Mawaki Chango wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CACTo+v8ZdJz2ia2MY98iaiCO+TKNdnDwUa=Hio+W=4ThvH5Y_g@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">I need reply to the questioning of some language
        which I specifically put in the statement that is being objected
        to. Hopefully, my last word on this issue.<br>
        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
          <br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            On Thu, Apr 25, 2013 at 12:29 PM, Milton L Mueller <span
              dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:mueller@syr.edu" target="_blank">mueller@syr.edu</a>></span>
            wrote:<br>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
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              <div link="blue" vlink="purple" lang="EN-US">
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d">Izumi’s comment clinches
                      my feeling that this whole effort is misdirected
                      and should be called off. First, there is
                      obviously nothing near consensus on this; it is
                      yet another attempt by one faction to impose their
                      own peculiar ideological fixation on the rest of
                      us, while ignoring more important and consensual
                      values.
                    </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d">There is no well-defined
                      problem that this statement addresses. There is a
                      vague reference to “the growing danger for the
                      Internet experience to be reduced to closed or
                      proprietary online spaces.” I challenge the truth
                      of this assertion. I think it’s just false. I see
                      no such trend, no such danger. Proponents of that
                      must provide evidence of a “growing” trend, and
                      show how it constitutes something systemic and
                      something that end users really don’t want. </span></p>
                </div>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>It is too easy to give the end user 2 or 3 options and
              expect that they by themselves will come up with the
              design of the, e.g., dozen of options that may be possible
              and even feasible. The notion that the user, or more
              precisely user choice, is a fully significant variable (by
              lack of a better phrase) in the equation to assess the
              realm of possibilities and feasible solutions is a fallacy
              --and the large field of advocacy is that realm of
              possibilities with, *possibly*, a pragmatic inflection
              towards solutions that are perceived at a given point in
              time as feasible. To make a comparison with something you
              already stated yourself, it's like saying IETF
              decision-making processes (or early IG processes in
              general) are democratic as opposed to saying they are
              democratic ONLY AMONG a restricted group (a technical
              elite) while there is a much much larger group of people
              who will be impacted by the outcomes but are not involved,
              etc. That may be necessary but that is a kind of
              "democracy" (if one absolutely wants to call it that) one
              would need to qualify, to say the least. So I'm using here
              the same mental process in your own sound reasoning on
              that: Users can only chose between the 2 or 3 options
              availed to them, and user choice only says something
              really significant about those available options --and
              nothing beyond that, particularly in a field where users
              massively lack the capability to design new solutions by
              themselves. This is where I personally deplore the fact
              that "computer literacy" (or "computeracy" if you will),
              including writing codes, is not yet a fixture that it must
              become in all basic education programs across the world. I
              like what techies do and produce, but it seems to me most
              of them are lame when it comes to talking in an
              understandable manner to non-techies and as a consequence,
              I don't see them as the most qualified to speak on behalf
              of users (no wonder user guides are most of the time
              useless! or they seem to require a learning curve for
              themselves before the user can even tackle what they are
              supposed to be guided about). That's also why it is
              crucial that the "computer language" becomes part of
              everybody language. <br>
              <br>
            </div>
            <div>Ok, that was a little bit of a digression but I wanted
              to make that point because, as I was thinking about the
              issue, I felt IMHO that it is relevant. Now, about the
              "attack" on the closed and proprietary online spaces... I
              think I read on this very a while ago posts related to the
              fact that the internet experience of more and more users
              --maybe the younger ones-- is becoming limited to
              particular apps, notably those of social media such as
              Facebook (FB). Or was that a nightmare of my own? If not,
              and if there is indeed some notable trend toward such
              state of affairs, and furthermore noting that I have
              experienced more and more people sending FB inbox messages
              that had nothing to do with my or their FB activities;
              that SMTP and IMAP are more open and universal standards
              than the non-standards underlining and enabling access
              & access of the FB silo; and that once huge commercial
              interests are entrenched they tend to have a ripple
              effects on what may remain a possible choice in the future
              or not (*); etc. I thought that clause in the draft
              statement was justified. Now you may say we need to come
              up with a research proposal and "scientifically" show that
              there is a systematic evidence before we can make an
              assertion for CS advocacy purposes, but I don't think that
              has always been the standard.<br>
              <br>
            </div>
            <div>BTW, do you know that it now happens that FB tells
              people that they are restricted from posting (inbox
              messages for x number of days), just as they have been
              doing for limiting friend requests? While one can
              understand the reason for the latter, the reason for the
              former escapes me. And no, it wasn't a person spamming
              other people: so far he was mostly engaged in two-way
              conversations and that restriction message prompted when
              he tried to post an inbox message to a culinary page after
              asking a question on the page's wall, which was not
              attended to (and no record of offensive contents, etc.) I
              personally consider this as a violation of an individual's
              right to communicate. And if you thing that (on top of all
              the practices that seem to claim for FB the status of the
              online identity authority) should not be cause for
              concern, you find me really surprised. <br>
              <br>
            </div>
            <div>(*) You may want to note that it is the
              commercial/popular success of platforms such as FB that
              has led their authentication and data sharing feature
              (such as F-Connect) to defeat the then on-going efforts
              from the rest of the industry to launch digital identity
              technologies that give more capabilities to the users to
              manage and possibly control their identity information and
              related transactions.     <br>
            </div>
            <div>   <br>
            </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
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              <div link="blue" vlink="purple" lang="EN-US">
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d"></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d">Note that there IS a
                      massive amount of evidence of a growing trend
                      toward content regulation and censorship in many
                      countries. But somehow, we don’t seem interested
                      in addressing that. There is a growing danger of
                      securitization. We don’t address that. By the way,
                      how does this attack on closed online spaces
                      relate to the agenda of privacy advocates? A lot
                      of people WANT to close off some of the
                      information shared on the internet (although this
                      is not an agenda I share). No one seems to have
                      given that problem a moment’s thought.
                    </span></p>
                </div>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>You can see above how what you call an "attack" can
              relate to privacy, which I've been hearing a lot about,
              including from myself :), just as I have been hearing a
              lot about freedom of expression and censorship. Maybe we
              have seen as much progress on those issues as we would
              have liked and we would still like. But that is not reason
              not to advocate on other issues.<br>
              <br>
            </div>
            <div>Unless I stated something above that proves to be
              inaccurate, which I might need to respond to if called
              out, I wish to leave it at that --which should not prevent
              you from acknowledging it in case the above has helped in
              any way clarify some arguments for you :)  <br>
              <br>
            </div>
            <div>Mawaki<br>
            </div>
            <div> <br>
            </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
              .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div link="blue" vlink="purple" lang="EN-US">
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d"></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d">Finally, those who have
                      chosen to prioritize “public good” concepts over
                      everything else have shown a clear
                      misunderstanding of the concept of public goods.
                      They have inaccurately characterized the internet
                      as a whole as a public good when it has clear that
                      many features of it are private goods and that
                      much of the value we associate with the internet
                      comes from allowing private actors to create and
                      maintain private spaces within the global
                      internet. Any statement that fails to recognize
                      this is both factually inaccurate and unlikely to
                      get widespread support.
                    </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d">I hope IGC does not waste
                      further time on this statement, and be forewarned
                      that if it does I will not allow anyone to
                      misrepresent it as a civil society position.
                    </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d">--MM</span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                      New";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                  <div style="border:none;border-left:solid blue
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                    <div>
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                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">
                            <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:izumiaizu@gmail.com"
                              target="_blank">izumiaizu@gmail.com</a>
                            [mailto:<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:izumiaizu@gmail.com"
                              target="_blank">izumiaizu@gmail.com</a>]
                            <b>On Behalf Of </b>Izumi AIZU<br>
                            <b>Sent:</b> Thursday, April 25, 2013 12:45
                            AM<br>
                            <b>To:</b> governance; Mawaki Chango<br>
                            <b>Cc:</b> Milton L Mueller; Parminder</span></p>
                        <div class="im"><br>
                          <b>Subject:</b> Re: [governance] Internet as a
                          commons/ public good</div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal">Hi, I also came late to this
                        round of exchanges, but now have a simple
                        question.</p>
                      <div>
                        <div class="h5">
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">In the current
                                version, there is no mention about the
                                "free flow of information</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">(and knowledge and/or
                                ideas) nor freedom of
                                speech/press/assembly.</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">If there have already
                                been good discussion about these values
                                most civil</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">society proponents
                                subscribe to, then fine. But if not, I
                                think we should address</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">these in some way.</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">izumi</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <div class="h5">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                            style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"> </p>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal">2013/4/25 Mawaki Chango
                              <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:kichango@gmail.com"
                                target="_blank">kichango@gmail.com</a>></p>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">Folks, let
                                          us not sound like WCIT
                                          deliberations... and be stuck
                                          on the order of words or their
                                          esthetics, if not their
                                          politics.</p>
                                      </div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">I
                                        see nothing wrong with McTim's
                                        formulation and am not sure what
                                        positive difference the latest
                                        change proposed by Parminder (on
                                        this specific phrase) makes,
                                        while it slows down the rhythm
                                        of reading and maybe the
                                        comprehension.<br>
                                        <br>
                                        "through open, bottom-up,
                                        transparent, participatory
                                        democratic processes involving
                                        all stakeholders". [McTim]</p>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">vs.<br>
                                      <br>
                                      <span
                                        style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">"through
                                        due democratic processes, that
                                        are open and transparent, and
                                        involve all stakeholders."</span>
                                      [Parminder]</p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">Or would the
                                      following satisfy all parties?
                                      "... through open, bottom-up,
                                      transparent, participatory and due
                                      democratic processes involving all
                                      stakeholders". If so please
                                      (Parminder) go ahead and add.</p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                  </div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">Furthermore...</p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p><b>The design principles and
                                        policies that constitute its
                                        governance ensure its stability,
                                        functionality and security, and
                                        aim at preserving and enhancing
                                        the global commons and global
                                        public good character of the
                                        Internet the combination of
                                        which has made previous
                                        innovations possible. Therefore,
                                        in the face of the growing
                                        danger for the Internet
                                        experience to be reduced to
                                        closed or
                                      </b></p>
                                    <p style="margin-right:.5in"><b><i><span
                                            style="font-family:"Courier
                                            New";color:#1f497d">[Milton
                                            L Mueller] yes, but they are
                                            also, and should be also,
                                            aim at preserving and
                                            enhancing the private good
                                            aspects of the Internet. As
                                            the success of the  internet
                                            rests on a creative
                                            combination of both, why are
                                            we emphasizing only one
                                            aspect of this?
                                          </span></i></b></p>
                                    <div>
                                      <p><b>proprietary online spaces,
                                          we urge that the preservation
                                          and enhancement of the
                                          Internet's global commons and
                                          public good dimensions</b></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <p style="margin-right:.5in"><b><i><span
                                            style="font-family:"Courier
                                            New";color:#1f497d">[Milton
                                            L Mueller] what are these
                                            dimensions? Why not specify
                                            them? Why not also recognize
                                            that we should not interfere
                                            with the innovation and
                                            creativity that has come
                                            from affording entrepreneurs
                                            and individuals to
                                            experiment and innovate with
                                            new private services?
                                          </span></i></b></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">I'm in
                                    violent agreement with Parminder's
                                    earlier response to the above. You
                                    know Milton, as well as. I do that
                                    once first movers settle in, they
                                    tend to foreclose the opportunities
                                    for potential newcomers by all sorts
                                    of tactics, whether directly or
                                    indirectly. Left to their own
                                    devices, things become naturally
                                    skewed towards entrenched interests
                                    while raising entry barriers and
                                    stifling the potential for
                                    innovations, etc. As has already
                                    been said, this is about
                                    re-adjusting the scale and striking
                                    again a healthy balance between the
                                    two ends in order to maintain and
                                    foster the creative combination
                                    you're talking about.</p>
                                </div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">As to the
                                  question about determining the global
                                  commons and global public good
                                  dimensions and for the sake of
                                  simplicity, I suggest we maintain the
                                  same expression to mean the same thing
                                  wherever that thing need to be
                                  expressed. So let's drop "dimensions"
                                  repeat again "global commons and
                                  global public good character".</p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">Re. the following
                                  proposition that has been dropped:
                                  "While the design principles and
                                  policies that constitute its
                                  governance should ensure its
                                  stability, functionality and security,
                                  they must also aim at..." the reason
                                  why I put this in earlier is that I
                                  remember one of us stating that, in a
                                  sense, the stability, functionality
                                  and security may be (some of) the
                                  salient dimensions of the public
                                  good-ness of the internet as opposed
                                  to the internet itself in the
                                  technical sense. That idea started
                                  generating some agreement and no
                                  opposition. Now I observe that the
                                  reason why it has been dropped was
                                  that we were hesitant using a
                                  prescriptive tense but instead used
                                  the indicative present tense, to which
                                  someone objected that the internet
                                  *is* not stable nor secure (or
                                  something along those lines.) Now that
                                  we have clarify the tense and the
                                  intent, and keeping in mind that that
                                  phrase is about the principles guiding
                                  the *governance* of the internet but
                                  not the internet itself, perhaps the
                                  basis for dropping that sentence
                                  should not hold any longer. If you
                                  think otherwise and believe that
                                  proposition does still not belong
                                  here, please do let us know. For now I
                                  will put it back in because I think
                                  that's the logical thing to do, but
                                  please be reassured, I'm not making a
                                  religion out of it.  I have also added
                                  a variation of the same as option in
                                  square brackets in the version below
                                  (please not that ICANN always refers
                                  to their mandate, particularly the
                                  clauses mentioning the need to
                                  maintain stability and security, when
                                  making policy... so that's a fact.)   
                                </p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">And lastly, I feel
                                there's something too vague about the
                                last proposition:<br>
                                <br>
                                <b><span
                                    style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">...
                                    we urge the preservation and
                                    enhancement of the Internet's global
                                    commons and public good dimensions."</span></b><br>
                                   </p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Shouldn't
                                      we try to be specific at on one of
                                      the following two things: either
                                      who we are urging or at least the
                                      framework where the preservation
                                      and enhancement is being promoted
                                      or needs to take place.<br>
                                      <br>
                                      <br>
                                      <b><span
                                          style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">"We
                                          recognise the Internet to be a
                                          global, end-to-end, network of
                                          networks comprised of
                                          computing devices and
                                          processes, and an emergent and
                                          emerging social reality. In
                                          that sense, it is an intricate
                                          combination of hardware,
                                          software, protocols, and human
                                          intentionality enabling new
                                          kinds of social interactions
                                          and transactions, brought
                                          together by a common set of
                                          design principles. The design
                                          principles and policies that
                                          constitute Internet's
                                          governance should be derived
                                          through open, bottom-up,
                                          transparent, participatory
                                          democratic processes involving
                                          all stakeholders. Such
                                          principles and policies must
                                          aim at ensuring its stability,
                                          functionality and security as
                                          well as [or: While such
                                          principles and policies strive
                                          to ensure stability,
                                          functionality and security of
                                          the Internet, they must also
                                          aim at] preserving and
                                          enhancing the global commons
                                          and global public good
                                          character of the Internet, the
                                          combination of which has made
                                          previous innovations possible.
                                          Therefore, in the face of the
                                          growing danger for the
                                          Internet experience to be
                                          reduced to closed or
                                          proprietary online spaces, we
                                          urge that the governance of
                                          the Internet promote the
                                          preservation and enhancement
                                          of the Internet's global
                                          commons and public good
                                          character."</span></b></p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                          style="color:#888888">Mawaki</span></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
                                          style="color:#888888"><br>
                                          <br>
                                        </span></p>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"
                                          style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
                                            style="color:#888888"> </span></p>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                                        style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"> </p>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal">On Wed,
                                              Apr 24, 2013 at 2:28 PM,
                                              Garth Graham <<a
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                                href="mailto:garth.graham@telus.net"
                                                target="_blank">garth.graham@telus.net</a>>
                                              wrote:</p>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <blockquote
                                          style="border:none;border-left:solid
                                          #cccccc 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in
                                          0in
                                          6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">On
                                                  2013-04-24, at 12:10
                                                  AM, Norbert Bollow
                                                  wrote:<br>
                                                  <br>
                                                  > Governance of the
                                                  epiphenomenon has
                                                  always been primarily
                                                  through the processes
                                                  of parliamentary
                                                  democracy that shape
                                                  the laws that govern<br>
                                                  > democratic
                                                  societies;<br>
                                                  <br>
                                                </p>
                                              </div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Not
                                                quite.  Inge Kaul finds
                                                the standard definition
                                                of public goods that
                                                assumes the sovereignty
                                                of nation states in
                                                regulation to be of
                                                “limited
                                                practical-political
                                                value:”<br>
                                                <br>
                                                “The shifts between
                                                private and public thus
                                                reflect greater shared
                                                concern for the public
                                                domain among all the
                                                main actors—the state,
                                                businesses, civil
                                                society organizations,
                                                and households—and for
                                                what others expect of
                                                them and how their
                                                private activities
                                                affect others. A wider
                                                arena, and probably a
                                                new era, of publicness
                                                have emerged.” (1)<br>
                                                <br>
                                                She redefines the
                                                definition “to require
                                                public goods to be
                                                inclusive (public in
                                                consumption), based on
                                                participatory
                                                decision-making (public
                                                in provision) and
                                                offering a fair deal for
                                                all (public in the
                                                distribution of
                                                benefits).”(2).  She
                                                sees that, in spite of
                                                their legislative and
                                                coercive powers, more
                                                than nation states are
                                                involved in addressing
                                                the problems of
                                                undersupply and market
                                                failure.  She sees a
                                                need to develop, “a more
                                                systematic approach to
                                                public policy
                                                partnerships.”(3).  In
                                                her terms, Internet
                                                governance as a public
                                                good could be viewed as
                                                emerging “against the
                                                wishes of the state.”
                                                (4).<br>
                                                <br>
                                                “Goods often become
                                                private or public as a
                                                result of deliberate
                                                policy choices. That is
                                                why consideration should
                                                be given to expanding
                                                the definition—to
                                                recognize that in many
                                                if not most cases, goods
                                                exist not in their
                                                original forms but as
                                                social constructs,
                                                largely determined by
                                                policies and other
                                                collective human
                                                actions. According to
                                                this revised definition,
                                                public goods are
                                                nonexclusive or, put
                                                differently, de facto
                                                public in consumption.”
                                                (5)<br>
                                                <br>
                                                “Public goods are not
                                                just market failures,
                                                and they are not merely
                                                state-produced goods.
                                                The public and private
                                                domains exist on their
                                                own, beyond states and
                                                markets. …. It can even
                                                be argued that the state
                                                and the market are part
                                                of the public domain:
                                                they are both public
                                                goods.” (6).<br>
                                                <br>
                                                Personally, I find that
                                                phrase “public policy
                                                partnerships,” to be a
                                                bit more euphonious and
                                                helpful than the
                                                mouthful
                                                “multi-stakeholderism."<br>
                                                <br>
                                                GG<br>
                                                <br>
                                                (1). Inge Kaul and
                                                Ronald U.Mendoza.
                                                Advancing the Concept of
                                                Public Goods. In: Inge
                                                Kaul, Pedro Conceicao,
                                                Katell Le Goulven and
                                                Ronald U. Mendoza,
                                                editors. Providing
                                                Global Public Goods:
                                                Managing Globalization.
                                                Oxford University Press,
                                                2002. 88-89. P78.  <a
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://web.undp.org/globalpublicgoods/globalization/pdfs/KaulMendoza.pdf"
                                                  target="_blank">http://web.undp.org/globalpublicgoods/globalization/pdfs/KaulMendoza.pdf</a><br>
                                                <br>
                                                (2). Inge Kaul. Public
                                                Goods: Taking the
                                                Concept to the 21st
                                                Century. Paper prepared
                                                for the Auditing Public
                                                Domains Project, Robarts
                                                Centre for Canadian
                                                Studies, York
                                                University, Toronto,
                                                2001. 3.<br>
                                                <a
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.yorku.ca/drache/talks/pdf/apd_kaulfin.pdf"
                                                  target="_blank">http://www.yorku.ca/drache/talks/pdf/apd_kaulfin.pdf</a><br>
                                                <br>
                                                (3). Inge Kaul. 16<br>
                                                <br>
                                                (4). Inge Kaul. 9.<br>
                                                <br>
                                                (5). Kaul – Mendoza.
                                                80-81.<br>
                                                <br>
                                                (6). Kaul – Mendoza. 88.</p>
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                          <p class="MsoNormal">-- <br>
                                                 >> Izumi Aizu
                            <<<br>
                            Institute for InfoSocionomics, Tama
                            University, Tokyo<br>
                            Institute for HyperNetwork Society, Oita,   
                                  <br>
                            Japan<br>
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