<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Imran,<div><br><div><div>On Mar 5, 2013, at 10:07 PM, Imran Ahmed Shah <<a href="mailto:ias_pk@yahoo.com">ias_pk@yahoo.com</a>> wrote:</div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; position: static; z-index: auto; "><div><span>>b. for ccTLDs to be bound by contracts.</span></div><div><span></span> </div><div>We have tried both options, submitted concern in ICANN's Seoul Meeting and submitting our request online and through email but we were told from ICANN that some of the ccTLDs are not under contract with ICANN. </div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div>The vast majority of ccTLDs are not under contract with ICANN. A fair number of ccTLD administrators have entered into "Accountability Frameworks" or exchanges of letters, see <a href="http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/cctlds">http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/cctlds</a> for details.</div><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; position: static; z-index: auto; "><div>It depends on the ccTLD Registry owners if they want to sign up Contract with ICANN or not but they are not bound to do this.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div>Yes. ccTLD matters have historically treated as matters of national sovereignty. In the very earliest days of ICANN, an attempt was made by ICANN to force ccTLDs into contractual relations by refusing to do updates unless contracts were signed. One of the results of this was a contract modification with language inserted into the IANA Functions contract with the USG that explicitly disallowed ICANN from doing this (section c.8.3 in the current IANA functions contract). A decade later when I ran IANA, I continued to run into unhappiness at ICANN's actions during that period. </div><div><br></div><div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; position: static; z-index: auto; "><blockquote style="padding-left: 5px; margin-top: 5px; margin-left: 5px; border-left-color: rgb(16, 16, 255); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid;"><div style="font-family: tahoma, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times,
serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div id="yiv2039934495"><div><div style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; direction: ltr; "><div><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; "><div><div style="font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: static; z-index: auto; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="">With reference to Registry & Registrar Contract Agreement, there are many ccTLD who have agreement with ICANN but some of them not. </span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote><div>Most do not.</div><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; position: static; z-index: auto; "><blockquote style="padding-left: 5px; margin-top: 5px; margin-left: 5px; border-left-color: rgb(16, 16, 255); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid;"><div style="font-family: tahoma, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times,
serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div id="yiv2039934495"><div><div style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; direction: ltr; "><div><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; "><div><div style="font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: static; z-index: auto; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="">ICANN has no performance monitoring
controls. Those ccTLDs are not bound to follow ICANN’s Policies.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote>True, unless the ccTLDs agree to be bound to follow those policies.</div><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; position: static; z-index: auto; "><blockquote style="padding-left: 5px; margin-top: 5px; margin-left: 5px; border-left-color: rgb(16, 16, 255); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; position: static; z-index: auto; "><div style="font-family: tahoma, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times,
serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div id="yiv2039934495"><div><div style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; direction: ltr; "><div><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; "><div><div style="font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: static; z-index: auto; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="">In some examples, ccTLD registry operations are being managed from separate country while the Registry is incorporation in any third country. </span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div>Which countries/ccTLDs are these? One of the requirements of RFC 1591 is:</div><div><br></div><div>"In the case of top-level domains that are country codes this means that there is a manager that supervises the domain names and operates the domain name system in that country."</div><div><br></div><div>I'm told this wording was put into RFC 1591 specifically to ensure the domain name manager is subject to the laws of the country the ccTLD represents. Lack of in-country manager can be (has been) a factor in a redelegation.</div><div><br></div><div><blockquote type="cite"><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; position: static; z-index: auto; "><blockquote style="padding-left: 5px; margin-top: 5px; margin-left: 5px; border-left-color: rgb(16, 16, 255); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; position: static; z-index: auto; "><div style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><div id="yiv2039934495"><div style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; direction: ltr; "><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; "><div style="font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt; position: static; z-index: auto; "><div style="text-align: justify; ">ICANN policies does not support public interest over here.</div><div><font face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></blockquote></div><div>I'm unsure how ICANN (or any non-sovereign) can impose their policies on national sovereigns. </div><div><br></div><div>Regards,</div><div>-drc</div><div><br></div></body></html>