<div dir="ltr">I anticipate a great journalistic attraction for the meme "a Digital Cold War". <div><br></div><div style>It is an abusive oversimplification and worse, it presents a big risk of a self-fulfilling prophecy if people begin to think in that framework. The "us vs them" behavior on both sides, the "with us or against us", the cyber arms race, the fight between radical approaches, both caricatured to the extreme, unfortunately prevent a more balanced, cautious, and respectful approach that enables joint management of the new commons, rather than attempts to carve out territories in cyberspace. </div>
<div style><br></div><div style>Some thinking is needed to find better formulations. And citizens' interests in all regions need to be the starting point. Civil society has a responsibility in there. Let's avoid being held hostage to the extreme views from both sides. </div>
<div style><br></div><div style>B. </div><div style><br></div><div style><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Dec 18, 2012 at 3:47 PM, Kettemann, Matthias (<a href="mailto:matthias.kettemann@uni-graz.at">matthias.kettemann@uni-graz.at</a>) <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:matthias.kettemann@uni-graz.at" target="_blank">matthias.kettemann@uni-graz.at</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div bgcolor="white" lang="DE-AT" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Dear Parminder, <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">The right of states to have no other state interfere with their access to the Internet is, in my view, not conditional upon an international treaty but rather, as I’ve argued in the mail you quoted from, in the process of crystallizing into a customary norm. Treaties can be evidence of such a crystallization, but they are not necessary for the process. Not signing a treaty than contains many different provisions cannot be used as an argument against any one single norm’s customary character. Further evidence, such as clear statements by states evidencing opinio iuris, is needed. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">The dynamics in Dubai illustrate that we are now at a point where two different conceptions of the normative order applicable to the Internet clash. Simple dichotomies (freedom vs. control, private sector-orientation vs. sovereignity-orientation) are more misleading than helpful. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">The danger I see lies rather in what the Economist termed a potential “digital Cold War”. History tells us that the last Cold War didn’t lead to decades of cooperative law-making on the international plane, but rather conflict, divisions and standstill. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Yet at the height of the Cold War leaders agreed, within the framework of the CSCE, on the Helsinki Final Act of 1975 which laid down essential commitments regarding political and military cooperation and human rights issues, including the Helsinki Decalogue, the “Declaration on [10] Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States” (<a href="http://www.osce.org/mc/39501?download=true" target="_blank">http://www.osce.org/mc/39501?download=true</a>). <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">So what do we need now: We need a Helsinki Decalogue for the Internet that can guide relation between all stakeholders in the Internet. If Russia and the US were able to agree in 1975 on the prohibition of the use of force, non-intervention, respect for human rights and fulfillment in good faith of obligations under international law, they should be able to agree, in near future, on Internet Governance principles reflecting these international legal principles.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">The Declaration by the Committee of Ministers on Internet governance principles (<a href="https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1835773" target="_blank">https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1835773</a>) provides a first template; and the IRP’s 0 Rights and Principles (<a href="http://irpcharter.org" target="_blank">http://irpcharter.org</a>) exemplify a human rights-oriented approach. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">It’s there that we should look, rather than to feel sorry that Dubai didn’t work out.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Kind regards<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Matthias<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">--<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Dr Matthias C. Kettemann, LLM (Harvard)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div class="im"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Institute of International Law and International Relations<u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">University of Graz, Austria<u></u><u></u></span></p><div class="im"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">T | <a href="tel:%2B43%20316%20380%206711" value="+433163806711" target="_blank">+43 316 380 6711</a> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">E | <a href="mailto:matthias.kettemann@uni-graz.at" target="_blank">matthias.kettemann@uni-graz.at</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><a href="http://internationallawandtheinternet.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">Blog</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> | </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><a href="http://twitter.com/#%21/MCKettemann" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">Twitter</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> | </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><a href="http://www.facebook.com/matthias.kettemann" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">Facebook</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> | </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/116310540881122884114/posts" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">Google+</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #b5c4df 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">Von:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext"> governance-reque</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext"><a href="mailto:st@lists.igcaucus.org" target="_blank">st@lists.igcaucus.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:governance-request@lists.igcaucus.org" target="_blank">governance-request@lists.igcaucus.org</a>] <b>Im Auftrag von </b>parminder<br>
<b>Gesendet:</b> Dienstag, 18. Dezember 2012 15:17<br><b>An:</b> <a href="mailto:governance@lists.igcaucus.org" target="_blank">governance@lists.igcaucus.org</a>; Bertrand de la Chapelle<br><b>Betreff:</b> Re: [governance] Internetistan, or the Bit Boat... a new approach to Internet governance!<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div></div><div class="im"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="DE"><br></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Dear Bertrand/ Others<br>
<br></span><span lang="DE"><u></u><u></u></span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE">On Wednesday 12 December 2012 01:43 AM, <a href="mailto:bdelachapelle@gmail.com" target="_blank">bdelachapelle@gmail.com</a> wrote:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE">Dear Matthias,<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div>
<div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE">I agree with your thesis. <u></u><u></u></span></p></div></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="DE"><br>Which I understand, to quote Matthias' email, is about<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="DE">"...crystallization of the application of the international customary law norm of non-interference to other states' Internet access. Indeed, the stability and functionality of the Internet can by now be clearly considered to lie in the common interest. As such, it is protected by international law. States that violate this common obligation engage their international responsibility."<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE">Now what have you all to say about the US and its allies walking out of the WCIT on the point of refusing to sign on preambular language that simply "recognize(s) the right of access of Member States to international telecommunication services".<br>
<br>This point above seems central to all the discussions here on what is being called as 'a new approach to Internet governance'. <br><br>Wonder, why the US is able to get away with such monstrosities, and civil society choses to look the other way when they happen. Nay, people have in fact been defending US's position of not signing the above text on this list and other CS forums..... One wonders what is happening!!!<br>
<br>parminder <br><br><br><br></span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br>____________________<br>Bertrand de La Chapelle<div>
Internet & Jurisdiction Project Director, International Diplomatic Academy (<a href="http://www.internetjurisdiction.net" target="_blank">www.internetjurisdiction.net</a>)</div><div>Member, ICANN Board of Directors <br>
Tel : +33 (0)6 11 88 33 32<br><br>"Le plus beau métier des hommes, c'est d'unir les hommes" Antoine de Saint Exupéry<br>("there is no greater mission for humans than uniting humans")</div><br>
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