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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=DE-AT link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear Parminder, <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The right of states to have no other state interfere with their access to the Internet is, in my view, not conditional upon an international treaty but rather, as I’ve argued in the mail you quoted from, in the process of crystallizing into a customary norm. Treaties can be evidence of such a crystallization, but they are not necessary for the process. Not signing a treaty than contains many different provisions cannot be used as an argument against any one single norm’s customary character. Further evidence, such as clear statements by states evidencing opinio iuris, is needed. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The dynamics in Dubai illustrate that we are now at a point where two different conceptions of the normative order applicable to the Internet clash. Simple dichotomies (freedom vs. control, private sector-orientation vs. sovereignity-orientation) are more misleading than helpful. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The danger I see lies rather in what the Economist termed a potential “digital Cold War”. History tells us that the last Cold War didn’t lead to decades of cooperative law-making on the international plane, but rather conflict, divisions and standstill. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Yet at the height of the Cold War leaders agreed, within the framework of the CSCE, on the Helsinki Final Act of 1975 which laid down essential commitments regarding political and military cooperation and human rights issues, including the Helsinki Decalogue, the “Declaration on [10] Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States” (<a href="http://www.osce.org/mc/39501?download=true">http://www.osce.org/mc/39501?download=true</a>). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>So what do we need now: We need a Helsinki Decalogue for the Internet that can guide relation between all stakeholders in the Internet. If Russia and the US were able to agree in 1975 on the prohibition of the use of force, non-intervention, respect for human rights and fulfillment in good faith of obligations under international law, they should be able to agree, in near future, on Internet Governance principles reflecting these international legal principles.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The Declaration by the Committee of Ministers on Internet governance principles (<a href="https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1835773">https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1835773</a>) provides a first template; and the IRP’s 0 Rights and Principles (<a href="http://irpcharter.org">http://irpcharter.org</a>) exemplify a human rights-oriented approach. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>It’s there that we should look, rather than to feel sorry that Dubai didn’t work out.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Kind regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Matthias<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>--<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Dr Matthias C. Kettemann, LLM (Harvard)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Institute of International Law and International Relations<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>University of Graz, Austria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>T | +43 316 380 6711 <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>E | matthias.kettemann@uni-graz.at<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=DE style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://internationallawandtheinternet.blogspot.com"><span lang=EN-US>Blog</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> | </span><span lang=DE style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://twitter.com/#%21/MCKettemann"><span lang=EN-US>Twitter</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> | </span><span lang=DE style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.facebook.com/matthias.kettemann"><span lang=EN-US>Facebook</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> | </span><span lang=DE style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/116310540881122884114/posts"><span lang=EN-US>Google+</span></a></span><span lang=DE style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>Von:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'> governance-reque</span><span lang=DE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>st@lists.igcaucus.org [mailto:governance-request@lists.igcaucus.org] <b>Im Auftrag von </b>parminder<br><b>Gesendet:</b> Dienstag, 18. Dezember 2012 15:17<br><b>An:</b> governance@lists.igcaucus.org; Bertrand de la Chapelle<br><b>Betreff:</b> Re: [governance] Internetistan, or the Bit Boat... a new approach to Internet governance!<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=DE><br></span><span lang=DE style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Dear Bertrand/ Others<br><br></span><span lang=DE><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE>On Wednesday 12 December 2012 01:43 AM, <a href="mailto:bdelachapelle@gmail.com">bdelachapelle@gmail.com</a> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE>Dear Matthias,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE>I agree with your thesis. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=DE><br>Which I understand, to quote Matthias' email, is about<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=DE>"...crystallization of the application of the international customary law norm of non-interference to other states' Internet access. Indeed, the stability and functionality of the Internet can by now be clearly considered to lie in the common interest. As such, it is protected by international law. States that violate this common obligation engage their international responsibility."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE>Now what have you all to say about the US and its allies walking out of the WCIT on the point of refusing to sign on preambular language that simply "recognize(s) the right of access of Member States to international telecommunication services".<br><br>This point above seems central to all the discussions here on what is being called as 'a new approach to Internet governance'. <br><br>Wonder, why the US is able to get away with such monstrosities, and civil society choses to look the other way when they happen. Nay, people have in fact been defending US's position of not signing the above text on this list and other CS forums..... One wonders what is happening!!!<br><br>parminder <br><br><br><br></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>