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Frankly I am not sure what kind of institutionalist Milton is. This
is not the Alexander Hamilton, Daniel Rayomond, Richard Ely, E
Pershine Smith, Frederich List and JK Galbraith, who all had a keen
head for facts and history. <br>
<br>
Britain used free trade ideas as a means to maintain its dominance
over other nations. The workshop of the world that encouraged
everyone to liberalise, that free trade (and then classical
economics) was best. And in the Pax (?) Americana, neoclassical
economics (in infinite disguises) and the Washington Consensus
serves the same function. <br>
<br>
Now I have no truck disagreeing with Mueller on economics - these
approaches differ in method as well as context, so there is room for
disagreement. But on the politics of the matter (sorry Milton, for
some Institutionalists if it is relevant then it must be included in
the "calculation") Milton, with what I surmise from his
Institutionalism - not having read all his work, is no different
from American Exceptionalists on this list. Of course I am aware
that in the American context(where what passes for progressive is
quit different, this may well be the case. It simply cannot be
generalised.<br>
<br>
And in the "competition" through subsidised efforts Europe builds
capabilities - both the tech no-(harware) and -ology (its people).
One of the key elements of benefiting from a network is that skills
can be diffused. Consumption of technology rich goods is not the
same as producing them. Actually in a reverse sort of way the status
quoists (exceptionalists, Institutionalists of a special type,
neoliberals, etc) seek to maintain the US dominance by playing to
that nations comparative advantage - also in institutions like ICANN
and the posse that goes with it. <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2012/12/05 10:25 PM, Dominique
Lacroix wrote:<br>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Le 05/12/12 20:26, Milton L Mueller a
écrit :<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">"Frankly",
development of the TCP/IP protocols were supported by
military research contracts, which had no intention of
supporting a commercial industry. "The Internet" spread to
the general population and succeeded because of
telecommunications liberalization and a free market. </span></p>
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<big><big>Dear Milton, you seem a little dizzy. You skipped
merrily the NSF action in the 1981-1995 years...<br>
And then, also, the CIA action, via the In-Q-Tel venture
capital firm, launched in 1999.<br>
And also the military orders in the advanced IT field.<br>
Perhaps I forget something. I'm also a bit dizzy...<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">The
government played an important role in facilitating that
process by privatizing control and paving the way for
competition among ISPs. There is no doubt about that. </span></p>
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<big><big>Exact.</big></big> <big><big>And not enough: Google
should be prosecuted for dominance abuse.</big></big><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">While
we are being frank, perhaps you can tell me how successful
European efforts to subsidize search engine technology to
compete with Google has been? </span></p>
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<big><big>I assume you already heard about the networks effect
that gives an advantage to the first big player.<br>
That's exactly why China and other countries protect their
boundaries in order to help their IT industry to find
existence.</big></big><br>
<br>
<big><big>Do you think that Europe also ought to close their
virtual boundaries?<br>
<br>
@+, Dom</big></big><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:5.25pt">Please
frankly, Milton, did internet begin in the US by free
market or by the US Gov action?<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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