Hi Wolfgang,<div><br></div><div>I think that there is a distinction between what ordinary access is. Take Finland where they hold that 1MB access of Broadband as a Human Right. Whilst 1MB is a human right in Finland it is not so for much of the world where access, availability, affordability is still an issue. Recently talks about US FCC proposed Universal Service Funds on global submarine cable investments to benefit much of the developing world where they land had been met with much criticism. (sigh)</div>
<div><br></div><div>The reality is all Telcos all over the world charge different prices for different products and the more the bandwidth and increase in QoS, the more you pay. If we take Finland's position and say X Bandwidth is a human right and therefore either (FREE) or heavily subsidised by Government, then anything on top of it is chargeable to whoever wants ti pay for it...would be commercial sense.</div>
<div><br></div><div>On the other hand declaring access as a human right may mean getting massive subsidies for global submarine deployment in developing countries but of course I am dreaming...lol</div><div><br></div><div>
But on the issue raised by Luigi Gambardella, it follows that a proposal by the European Network Operators Association (ETNO) on the principle that Sender Party pays in terms of Traffic is similar to the principle of Calling Party pays. The irony is that the link mentions that there is significant traffic sent to Europe from the US which will mean that the US would be placed in a "checkmate" position.</div>
<div><br></div><div>The EC and the US have no doubt been at loggerheads where it comes to the issue of taxation and the US of course has since the passage of the <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222">US Congress's Tax Freedom Act 1998[ (<i>authored by Representative
Christopher Cox and Senator Ron Wyden and signed into law on October 21 1998 by
then President Clinton</i>) which following expiry continued to be
reauthorised and it most recent reauthorisation) was in October 2007 where this
has been extended till 2014] consistently held that taxation for them would be from source, which means "no tax" as opposed to EC's attempts to tax at consumption. </span></div><div><font color="#222222" face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="line-height:14px"><br>
</span></font></div><div><font color="#222222" face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="line-height:14px">Cheers,</span></font></div><div><font color="#222222" face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="line-height:14px">Sala<br>
</span></font><br>There are many reasons for the US to oppose the ETNO on this front.<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Aug 30, 2012 at 4:24 AM, "Kleinwächter, Wolfgang" <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:wolfgang.kleinwaechter@medienkomm.uni-halle.de" target="_blank">wolfgang.kleinwaechter@medienkomm.uni-halle.de</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Will the ETNO/WCIT proposal lead to a mechanism where we have different classes for use of the human right to freedom of expression and to communicate? And even more: If you introduce a "business class" you have to introduce a checkpoint to seperate business from eceonomy and this can be done only via content control and DPI and leads directly to censorship. Any comments?<br>
<br>
<a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-57501754-38/euro-isps-defend-new-fees-as-business-class-internet-q-a/" target="_blank">http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-57501754-38/euro-isps-defend-new-fees-as-business-class-internet-q-a/</a><br>
<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br>
Wolfgang<br>
<br>
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