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    Dear Carlos,<br>
    <br>
    It is a valid point and it is rare that countries do not have
    protecting powers.  However, if the UK wants to play a legal card it
    can find strong one in the following two articles of the Vienna
    Convention on Diplomatic Relations, specifying a need for the
    consent of the receiving state: <br>
    <br>
    Article 45: b) the sending sTate may entrust the custody of the
    premises of the mission, together with its property and archives, to
    a third State <i><b>acceptable to the receiving State. </b></i><br>
    <br>
    Article 46: A sending State may <i><b>with the prior consent of a
        receiving State</b></i>, and at the request of a third State not
    represented in teh receiving state, undertake the temporary
    protection of the interests of the third State nationals.<br>
    <br>
    Regards, Jovan<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 8/20/12 5:40 PM, Carlos Vera
      Quintana wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:E25F0AB6-770E-4F46-8AFA-7AE2D088F494@gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div>Jovan but even on the situation you describe, Ecuador can
        work with another country to represent their interest with UK so
        Assange is under new diplomatic umbrella.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div><span class="Apple-style-span"
          style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26,
          0.296875); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227,
          0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77, 128, 180,
          0.230469); ">Ecuador gov hopes that situation you describe
          does not occur but is ready to take action with other country
          Representing their interest if happen</span></div>
      <div><span class="Apple-style-span"
          style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26,
          0.292969); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227,
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      <div><span class="Apple-style-span"
          style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26,
          0.292969); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227,
          0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77, 128, 180,
          0.230469);">Carlos Vera<br>
        </span><br>
        Enviado desde mi iPhone</div>
      <div><br>
        El 20/08/2012, a las 9:57, Jovan Kurbalija <<a
          moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:jovank@diplomacy.edu">jovank@diplomacy.edu</a>>
        escribió:<br>
        <br>
      </div>
      <div><span></span></div>
      <blockquote type="cite">
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          <p
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt;margin-left:0in"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Cambria">Hi

              Mawaki,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt;margin-left:0in"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Cambria"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
          <p
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt;margin-left:0in"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Cambria">Here

              is an attempt to answer your question on the international
              legality of the 1987 Act in three ways: Twitter, e-mail
              and blog post. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt;margin-left:0in"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Cambria"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
          <p
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt;margin-left:0in"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Cambria">The
short

              answer – Twitter – is <i
                style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">that <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                  href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/46">the
                  1987 UK Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act</a> is in
                accordance with international law</i> (the 1961 Vienna
              Convention on Diplomatic Relations - VCDR and
              international customary law). <o:p><br>
              </o:p>A bit longer answer for this e-mail should rely on
              the sequence in establishing diplomatic relations between
              states with three important moments:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt;margin-left:0in"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Cambria"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
          <p
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt;margin-left:0in"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Cambria">-
              First, states have to recognise each other. <o:p></o:p><br>
              - Second, after recognition, states establish diplomatic
              relations. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt;margin-left:0in"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Cambria">-
              Third, after two states establish diplomatic relations,
              they can open diplomatic missions. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.1pt;margin-left:0in"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Cambria"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Here is how this
              sequence can apply to the Assange asylum case: <o:p><br>
              </o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><br>
              </o:p>The UK can sever diplomatic relations unilaterally.
              Diplomatic relations are concluded by mutual consent
              (Article 2 of VCDR). If consent is withdrawn, diplomatic
              relations cease to exist. <o:p><br>
              </o:p>After severing diplomatic relations, the UK would
              require Ecuador to close its embassy in London, and
              Ecuadorian diplomats to leave the territory of the United
              Kingdom within a reasonable time. ‘Reasonable time’ is not
              specified, but it usually takes between 7 days (in the
              case of the closure of the Libyan mission in London in
              1984) and one month. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>On
              this point Assange would remain alone in the Ecuadorian
              embassy. The VDRC does not specify how long the premises
              of the mission mission should preserve diplomatic status
              (remain inviolable). <o:p></o:p><br>
              Most of the practice in diplomatic law provides the
              ‘reasonable time’ needed to protect and move the mission’s
              archives and property. The 1987 Act codifies this practice
              and specifies how to deal with this lacuna in the VCDR
              (time for closing the mission). <o:p><br>
              </o:p>Once the premises are no longer inviolable, the UK
              can enter the premises of the Embassy and arrest Assange
              if he is still there. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">It is very difficult
              to envisage a scenario in which the UK police could enter
              the Ecuadorian embassy without following the above
              described sequence – starting with the severing of
              diplomatic relations with Ecuador. Any other action would
              be a serious blow to the modern diplomatic system exposing
              – among others – the UK diplomatic missions worldwide, to
              high risks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><br>
              </o:p>While the UK has a legal basis for an action against
              the Ecuadorian embassy, its initiative could turn into a
              real diplomatic fiasco. It is surprising that UK diplomacy
              did not take into account the strong attachment of Latin
              American countries to the right of diplomatic asylum.<span
                style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Even in the case of
              political conflicts among themselves, Latin American
              countries have supported diplomatic asylum. It is a
              well-established regional customary law, codified in a few
              conventions, including<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span><a
                moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CEQQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iidh.ed.cr%2FBibliotecaWeb%2FVarios%2FDocumentos%2FBD_1051382564%2FB.2.1.DOC%3Furl%3D%2FBibliotecaWeb%2FVarios%2FDocumentos%2FBD_1051382564%2FB.2.1.DOC&ei=JgExUPWEAcjU4QT28oCwDg&usg=AFQjCNEHWkWD8hItVeTFQtdXbZSHUj31ag">1928


                Havana</a>, <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties/a-37.html">1933


                Montevideo</a>, <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties/a-46.html">1954

                – Caracas</a>. The right of asylum is also granted by
              Article 27 of <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/oasinstr/zoas2dec.htm">the

                1948 American Declaration on Human Rights</a>. <o:p><br>
              </o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><br>
              </o:p>By accelerating the Assange asylum case, the UK – to
              use a football metaphor – put the ball into penalty and
              asked President Correa to strike without a goal-keeper. He
              could not miss such a chance. In a few days, President
              Correa will gather all LA ministers of foreign affairs as
              a symbol of unity against the UK action. Given his
              political situation, it is an unexpected and welcome gift.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The Assange asylum
              case, like other similar cases, is likely to be solved
              through negotiations that will provide the UK with a
              face-saving exit strategy. Might the Swedish authorities
              be persuaded to conduct the hearing ‘remotely’? If
              negotiations fail, Assange is likely to be long-term
              tenant of the Ecuadorian embassy in London. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> <br>
                You can also see two texts with </o:p><a
                moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.diplomacy.edu/blog/international-law-and-assange-asylum-case">more

                detailed legal elaboration of this e-mail</a>  and <a
                moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.diplomacy.edu/blog/frequently-asked-questions-about-diplomatic-asylum">FAQs
about

                diplomatic asylum</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><br>
                I hope it will help in clarifying, at least, legal
                aspect of this complex case.  <br>
                <br>
              </o:p></span></p>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">As ever, Jovan <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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          <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
            On 8/19/12 4:26 AM, Mawaki Chango wrote:<br>
          </div>
          <blockquote
cite="mid:CACTo+v9K_+ux1iBO-M2vrO2CS7WM3XCm3icqgfNAaji3Mm=rrQ@mail.gmail.com"
            type="cite">
            <pre wrap="">Two things:

1. Has anyone looked into or analyzed what the ground is in that
Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act of 1987 on which the UK
authorities are basing their argument and decision? and how is that
act supposed to relate to the Vienna Convention of 1961? Maybe there
is some defect in the conditions/circumstance that surrounded the
attribution of those premises or building to the Ecuador? I mean, what
could possibly be the legally defensible basis from a domestic law
that came about more than a quarter century after an international
convention to which the concerned country was signatory - while nobody
seems to have known that that law meant for the said country an
amendment or a notable qualification to some significant provisions of
the convention?

2. It might be a little too late for anyone to be able to disentangle
possible political motivations from these legal procedures (in UK and
Sweden). The party that appears the most obscure to me in terms of
their true motivation and intent is the Swedish judiciary,
surprisingly. To my recollection, the charges of sexual misconduct
were dropped at some point and a while thereafter they were taken up
again by another (higher?) level of the judiciary in Sweden. I have
never come across any credible account as to why that was so, and I
was surprised at the time I couldn't hear much about (at least not any
substantial investigation of) that question in the US-based cable news
as I tried to find an explanation. Adding to that the questions raised
above by Norbert and also emphasized by Ginger... Furthermore, I too
(as Carlos Vera) remember that it was mentioned in the news reports
that the substance of the sexual charges - or at least the allegations
- revolved around Assange not using a protection during those
encounters, etc. I am not sure whether - indeed, I did not hear that -
the presumed victims have alleged any physical coercion to that effect
or whether those news reports were accurate as to the exact or
official content of the charges, if any. The fact is, it is already
difficult enough to get to the bottom of allegations of rape without
third party witness and without evidence of violence, but now you have
some hot political concoction surrounding it...

Troubling.

Mawaki

On Sat, Aug 18, 2012 at 7:58 PM, Carlos Vera Quintana <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:cveraq@gmail.com"><cveraq@gmail.com></a> wrote:
</pre>
            <blockquote type="cite">
              <pre wrap="">Ecuadorian gov. Express to Mr Assange he is welcome to Ecuador from the
begining of rhis affair. If he only would listen from that time this
political advise...

Carlos Vera

Enviado desde mi iPhone

El 18/08/2012, a las 18:26, Ginger Paque <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:ginger@paque.net"><ginger@paque.net></a> escribió:

A very important point is stated at
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11949341">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11949341</a>
This would appear to make the extradition unnecessary.

This doesn't mean that the sexual misconduct charges should not be
investigated (whatever they actually are: I don't know).

18 November 2010

Stockholm District Court approves a request to detain Mr Assange for
questioning on suspicion of rape, sexual molestation and unlawful c</pre>
            </blockquote>
          </blockquote>
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