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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span dir="auto">The Californian Ideology</span></h1>
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</div><p><b>"The Californian Ideology"</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Critique" title="Critique">critique</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dotcom" title="Dotcom" class="mw-redirect">dotcom</a> <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> by English media theorists <a href="/wiki/Richard_Barbrook" title="Richard Barbrook">Richard Barbrook</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creativereview.co.uk/cr-blog/2012/may/andy-cameron">Andy Cameron</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster">University of Westminster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barbrook_2007_0-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbrook_2007-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Barbrook & Cameron argue that the rise of networking technologies in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> in the 1990s was linked to American neoliberalism and a paradoxical hybridization of beliefs from the political left and right in the form of hopeful <a href="/wiki/Technological_determinism" title="Technological determinism">technological determinism</a>.</p>
<p>The original essay was published in <i>Mute</i> magazine in 1995 and later appeared on the <i><a href="/wiki/Nettime" title="Nettime">nettime</a></i> Internet mailing list for debate. A final version was published in <i>Science as Culture</i> in 1996. The critique has since been revised in several different versions and languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Barbrook_2007_0-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbrook_2007-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Andrew Leonard of <i>Salon.com</i> called Barbrook & Cameron's work "one of the most penetrating critiques of neo-conservative digital hypesterism yet published." <a href="/wiki/Louis_Rossetto" title="Louis Rossetto">Louis Rossetto</a>, former editor and publisher of <i>Wired</i> magazine, vehemently denounced it as an "anal retentive attachment to failed 19th century social and economic analysis".</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc">
<tr>
<td>
<div id="toctitle">
<h2>Contents</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Critique"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Critique</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Influences"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Influences</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
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</table>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Californian_Ideology&action=edit§ion=1" title="Edit section: Critique">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Critique">Critique</span></h2>
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<p>"This new faith has emerged from a bizarre fusion of the cultural bohemianism of San Francisco with the hi-tech industries of Silicon Valley...the Californian Ideology promiscuously combines the free-wheeling spirit of the hippies and the entrepreneurial zeal of the yuppies."</p>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">Richard Barbrook and Andy Cameron<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></div>
</div>
<p>During the 1990s, members of the <a href="/wiki/Digerati" title="Digerati">entrepreneurial class</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> industry in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> vocally promoted an ideology that combined the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">Marshall McLuhan</a> with elements of radical <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarianism</a>, and neoliberal economics, using publications like <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i> magazine to promulgate their ideas. This ideology mixed <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a> beliefs together based on their shared interest in <a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">anti-statism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture of the 1960s</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Techno-utopianism" title="Techno-utopianism" class="mw-redirect">techno-utopianism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Proponents believed that in a post-industrial, post-capitalist, <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_economy" title="Knowledge economy">knowledge based economy</a>, the exploitation of information and knowledge would drive growth and wealth creation while diminishing the older power structures of the state in favor of connected individuals in <a href="/wiki/Virtual_communities" title="Virtual communities" class="mw-redirect">virtual communities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Critics contend that the Californian Ideology has strengthened the power of corporations over the individual and has increased social stratification, and remains distinctly <a href="/wiki/Americentric" title="Americentric" class="mw-redirect">Americentric</a>. Barbrook argues that members of the <a href="/wiki/Digerati" title="Digerati">digerati</a> who adhere to the Californian Ideology, embrace a form of <a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">reactionary modernism</a>. According to Barbrook, "American neo-liberalism seems to have successfully achieved the contradictory aims of reactionary modernism: economic progress and social immobility. Because the long-term goal of liberating everyone will never be reached, the short-term rule of the digerati can last forever."<sup id="cite_ref-Barbrook_1999_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbrook_1999-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Californian_Ideology&action=edit§ion=2" title="Edit section: Influences">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Influences">Influences</span></h2>
<p>According to <a href="/wiki/Fred_Turner_(academic)" title="Fred Turner (academic)" class="mw-redirect">Fred Turner</a>, sociologist Thomas Streeter of the University of Vermont notes that the Californian Ideology appeared as part of a pattern of Romantic individualism with <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Brand" title="Stewart Brand">Stewart Brand</a> as a key influence.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Curtis" title="Adam Curtis">Adam Curtis</a> connects the origins of the Californian Ideology to the <a href="/wiki/Objectivism_(Ayn_Rand)" title="Objectivism (Ayn Rand)">Objectivist</a> philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Californian_Ideology&action=edit§ion=3" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span></h2>
<p>While in general agreement with Barbrook & Cameron's central thesis, David Hudson of <i>Rewired</i> takes issue with their portrayal of <i>Wired</i> magazine's position as representative of every viewpoint in the industry. "What Barbrook is saying between the lines is that the people with their hands on the reigns of power in all of the wired world...are guided by an utterly skewed philosophical construct." Hudson maintains that there is not one, but a multitude of different ideologies at work.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Andrew Leonard of <i><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com" class="mw-redirect">Salon.com</a></i> calls the essay "a lucid lambasting of right-wing libertarian digerati domination of the Internet" and "one of the most penetrating critiques of neo-conservative digital hypesterism yet published." Leonard also notes the "vitriolic" response from <a href="/wiki/Louis_Rossetto" title="Louis Rossetto">Louis Rossetto</a>, former editor and publisher of <i>Wired</i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Rossetto issued a rebuttal to the original version published in <i>Mute</i>, calling it "a totally out-to-lunch excursion", "a descent into the kind of completely stupid comments on race in America that only smug Europeans can even attempt", an "utterly laughable Marxist/Fabian kneejerk that there is such a thing as the info-haves and have-nots", an "anal retentive attachment to failed 19th century social and economic analysis" and finally, "a profound ignorance of economics".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Gary Kamiya, also of <i>Salon.com</i>, recognized the validity of the main points in the essay, but like Rossetto, Kamiya attacked Barbrook & Cameron's "ludicrous academic-Marxist claim that high-tech libertarianism somehow represents a recrudescence of racism."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Architecture historian <a href="/wiki/Kazys_Varnelis_(historian)" title="Kazys Varnelis (historian)">Kazys Varnelis</a> of Columbia University found that in spite of the privatization advocated by the Californian Ideology, the economic growth of Silicon Valley and California were "made possible only due to exploitation of the immigrant poor and defense funding...government subsidies for corporations and exploitation of non-citizen poor: a model for future administrations."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>In the 2011 documentary, <i><a href="/wiki/All_Watched_Over_by_Machines_of_Loving_Grace_(TV_series)" title="All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace (TV series)">All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace</a></i>, Curtis concludes that the Californian Ideology failed to live up to its claims:</p>
<dl>
<dd>The original promise of the Californian Ideology, was that the computers would liberate us from all the old forms of political control, and we would become <a href="/wiki/Randian_hero" title="Randian hero">Randian heroes</a>, in control of our own destiny. Instead, today, we feel the opposite—that we are helpless components in a global system—a system that is controlled by a rigid logic that we are powerless to challenge or to change.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></dd>
</dl>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Californian_Ideology&action=edit§ion=4" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Hermosillo" title="Carmen Hermosillo">Carmen Hermosillo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian democracy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_transhumanism" title="Libertarian transhumanism">Libertarian transhumanism</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Californian_Ideology&action=edit§ion=5" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2>
<div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Barbrook_2007-0"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barbrook_2007_0-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barbrook_2007_0-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbrook 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imaginaryfutures.net/other-works">Imaginary Futures: Other Works</a>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbrook & Cameron, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imaginaryfutures.net/2007/04/17/the-californian-ideology-2/">Revised SaC Version</a>; Borsook 2000, p. 173</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ouellet 2010; May 2002</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">May 2002</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Barbrook_1999-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barbrook_1999_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbrook 1999</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turner 2006, p. 285</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Curtis-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curtis 2011</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hudson 1996</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard 1999</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rossetto 1996</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kamiya 1997</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Varnelis 2009</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Californian_Ideology&action=edit§ion=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>Barbrook, Richard. Andy Cameron. (1996) [1995] "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imaginaryfutures.net/2007/04/17/the-californian-ideology-2">The Californian Ideology</a>". <i>Science as Culture</i>. 26, 44–72.</li>
<li>Barbrook, Richard. Andy Cameron (1995) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imaginaryfutures.net/2007/04/15/basic-banalities-by-richard-barbrook-and-andy-cameron/">Basic Banalities</a>.</li>
<li>Barbrook, Richard. (May 15, 1996). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=32">Global Algorithm 1.5: Hypermedia Freedom</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Ctheory" title="Ctheory">Ctheory</a></i>. <b>19</b> (1-2).</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barbrook" title="Richard Barbrook">Barbrook, Richard</a>. (2000) [1999]. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imaginaryfutures.net/2007/04/17/cyber-communism-how-the-americans-are-superseding-capitalism-in-cyberspace/">Cyber-Communism: How The Americans Are Superseding Capitalism In Cyberspace</a>". <i>Science as Culture</i>. <b>9</b> (1), 5-40.</li>
<li><span class="citation book">Barbrook, Richard (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theclassofthenew.net"><i>The Class of the New</i></a> (paperback ed.). London: OpenMute. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9550664-7-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9550664-7-6">0-9550664-7-6</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.theclassofthenew.net">http://www.theclassofthenew.net</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Class+of+the+New&rft.aulast=Barbrook&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Barbrook%2C%26%2332%3BRichard&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=paperback&rft.place=London&rft.pub=OpenMute&rft.isbn=0-9550664-7-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theclassofthenew.net&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:The_Californian_Ideology"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li>
<li>Borsook, Paulina. (2000). <i>Cyberselfish: A Critical Romp Through the Terribly Libertarian Culture of High Tech</i>. PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1891620789" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-891620-78-9</a>.</li>
<li>Curtis, Adam (2011). "Love and Power". <i><a href="/wiki/All_Watched_Over_by_Machines_of_Loving_Grace_(television_documentary_series)" title="All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace (television documentary series)" class="mw-redirect">All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace</a></i>. BBC.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Flew" title="Terry Flew">Flew, Terry</a>. (2002). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.qut.edu.au/255/1/Flew_newEmpirics.pdf">The 'New Empirics' in Internet Studies and Comparative Internet Policy</a>". In Fibreculture Conference, 5th-8th December, 5th-8th December. Melbourne.</li>
<li>Hudson, David. (June 24, 1996). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030817120954/http://www.rewired.com/96/0624.html">The Other Californians</a>". <i>Rewired: Journal of a Strained Net</i>.</li>
<li>Kamiya, Gary. (January 20, 1997). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110604140808/http://www.salon.com/jan97/state970120.html">Smashing the state: The strange rise of libertarianism</a>". <i>Salon.com</i>.</li>
<li>Leonard, Andrew. (September 10, 1999). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/1999/09/10/cybercommunism/">The Cybercommunist Manifesto</a>". <i>Salon.com</i>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geert_Lovink" title="Geert Lovink">Lovink, Geert</a>. (2009) [2002]. <i>Dynamics of Critical Internet Culture (1994-2001)</i>. Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789078146070" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-90-78146-07-0</a>.</li>
<li>May, Christopher. (2002). <i>The Information Society: A Sceptical View</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0745626858" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0745626858</a>.</li>
<li>Ouellet, Maxime. (2010). "Cybernetic capitalism and the global information society: From the global panopticon to a 'brand' new world". In Jacqueline Best and Matthew Paterson, <i>Cultural Political Economy</i>. <b>10</b>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415489326" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-48932-6</a>.</li>
<li>Rossetto, Louis. (1996). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/to-mutoids-re-californian-ideology">19th Century Nostrums are not Solutions to 21st Century Problems</a>". <i>Mute</i>. <b>1</b> (4).</li>
<li>Streeter, Thomas. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uvm.edu/~tstreete/romantic_chasm.html">'That Deep Romantic Chasm': Libertarianism, Neoliberalism, and the Computer Culture</a>. In Andrew Calabrese and Jean-Claude Burgelman, eds., <i>Communication, Citizenship, and Social Policy: Re-Thinking the Limits of the Welfare State</i>. Rowman & Littlefield, 49-64.</li>
<li>Turner, Fred. (2006). <i>From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism</i>. University Of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226817415" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-226-81741-5</a>.</li>
<li>Varnelis, Kazys. (2009). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://varnelis.net/blog/complexity_and_contradiction_in_infrastructure">Complexity and Contradiction in Infrastructure</a>". Ph.D. Lecture Series. Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation.</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Californian_Ideology&action=edit§ion=7" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>
<table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;">
<tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wikiquote-logo-en.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo-en.svg.png" width="40" height="40" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text" style="">Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: <i><b><a href="//en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/The_Californian_Ideology" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/The Californian Ideology">The Californian Ideology</a></b></i></td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<li>Barbrook, Richard. (2007). <i>Imaginary Futures: From Thinking Machines to the Global Village</i>. Pluto. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0745326609" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7453-2660-9</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Dyson" title="Esther Dyson">Dyson, Esther</a>. <a href="/wiki/George_Gilder" title="George Gilder">George Gilder</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Keyworth" title="George Keyworth" class="mw-redirect">George Keyworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Toffler" title="Alvin Toffler">Alvin Toffler</a>. (1994). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pff.org/issues-pubs/futureinsights/fi1.2magnacarta.html">Cyberspace and the American Dream: A Magna Carta for the Knowledge Age</a>". <i>Future Insight</i>. <a href="/wiki/Progress_%26_Freedom_Foundation" title="Progress & Freedom Foundation" class="mw-redirect">Progress & Freedom Foundation</a>.</li>
<li>Gere, Charlie. (2002). <i>Digital Culture</i>. Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1861891431" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1861891431</a>.</li>
<li>Halberstadt, Mitchell. (January 20, 1997). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030821084809/http://www.rewired.com/97/0120.html">Beyond California</a>". <i>Rewired: Journal of a Strained Net</i>.</li>
<li>Hudson, David. (1997). <i>Rewired</i>. Macmillan Technical Pub. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1578700035" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-57870-003-5</a>.</li>
<li>Pearce, Celia. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imaginaryfutures.net/2007/04/21/an-insiders-view-on-the-californian-ideology/">The California Ideology: An Insider's View</a>. <i>Mute</i>. <b>1</b> (4).</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Californian_Ideology&action=edit§ion=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrc.wmin.ac.uk/theory-californianideology.html">The Californian Ideology</a> at the Hypermedia Research Centre</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imaginaryfutures.net/2007/04/17/the-californian-ideology-2/">The Californian Ideology</a> revised SaC version</li>
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