<div style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align:left">Below is the proposed final draft statement on Human Rights and the Internet (I changed "on" the internet to "and"). I incorporated the online comments received on the original draft, received both via email and on the web. To the best of my knowledge, I incorporated all suggestions received, except for the suggestion to reduce length by 50%, which would require sufficient redrafting as to require posting for comment again. That being said, by clarifying paragraph 4 concerning the "right to interfere" with the internet being far harder to justify than rights of free expression, and by eliminating a perhaps dated reference to SOPA/PIPA, the final statement is somewhat shorter. <br>
<br>I also added a clause at the very end that states "and doing so without regard to frontiers", since "without regard to frontiers" is actual language used in human rights documents regarding free expression. The addition of this clause ties the ending of the statement with the beginning, which declares that the internet as a technology "without borders" has a twin in the form of human rights, or rights without borders. <br>
<br>Please advise if I missed anything, otherwise, thanks for the opportunity to try to synthesize the consensus thought here.<br><br>Paul Lehto, J.D. <br></div><b><br>Human Rights and the Internet</b><br></div><br>Rights without borders – also known
as human rights – have met their technological twin in the form of the
global Internet, a technology without borders.<br><br>The open
architecture of the Internet creates a new commons that facilitates and
enhances many pre-existing human rights, including but not limited to
rights of free expression, rights of information, petition, association
and assembly, creative rights, and the right to earn a livelihood and
contribute to the culture of society. Internet technology and design
choices simultaneously extend human interaction in multiple directions
regardless of borders, at a far lower cost, and on a more democratic
basis than previously imaginable.<br>
<br>This powerful symbiosis between natural birthrights and the nature
of the Internet as a rights-enhancing technology has caused discourse
about the Internet to incorporate many lofty attributes that are further
fueled by already being partially realized, causing (among other
things) thought leaders regarding the Internet to sometimes be referred
to as “evangelists.” Generally speaking, these rights-enhancing aspects
have caused the Internet to reach the loftiest planes of human hope,
joining democracy and religion at the level of promising “a more
abundant life” for all, without the prominent downsides often associated
with some actual implementations of government and religion.<br>
<br>The most powerful question to ask concerning human rights on the
Internet is not where these rights arise from or how they may be further
enforced in courts, but where any claimed “right” to interfere with the
freedom of the Internet arises from. How can such a right of
interference with freedom of expression be legitimately theorized,
asserted and enforced? Because the very nature of the Internet is to
facilitate free expression, and given that the Internet as a whole is
both owner-less and international, how can any single business, national
government, or person obtain and enforce a right to interfere with the
international freedom of the Internet? Any lack of clarity thought to
exist by some regarding where human rights “come from” simply pales in
comparison to the lack of clarity of any asserted right to interfere
with the freedom of others on the Internet. Any hypothetical “right to
interfere” with inherent human rights of freedom of expression is far
more difficult to justify and explain than upholding the natural human
urge for self-expression and self-determination as a right. Thus,
absent highly exceptional circumstances, in a contest between
interference and free expression, free expression always has the better
case, regardless of whether free expression is thought of as an
enforceable legal right or not.<br>
<br>Access to the full benefits and promise of the Internet can be
interfered with or impeded at numerous levels and by numerous actors,
including businesses, governments, individuals, engineers, web
designers, administrators. Arguably, businesses are in the position to
make more choices that actually or potentially impair or impede human
rights on the Internet than government. Some “governmental” interference
with the Internet is driven by business concern lobbying, such that
much “governmental” interference can be attributed to businesses.
Regardless of the relative amounts of responsibility one may assess to
each, it is extremely clear that both governments and businesses can and
are acting in ways that interfere with the Internet, either by failing
to fully understand the Internet, or by pursuing narrow interests over
the public interest as a whole. Any such government or business that
acts to impair or impede the global freedom of the Internet should not
be heard to claim that they “have the Internet” (in the case of a nation
that filters or otherwise interferes) or that they “support the
Internet” (in the case of a business acting in fact to impede access to
the full Internet, or censor content, etc.)<br>
<br>Although Internet companies are obliged to abide by national legal
rules of host countries, they are even more obliged to follow global
human rights laws like freedom of expression than those national laws.
Claims that domestic laws require business cooperation with censorship,
etc. should be met with the assertion of higher laws and norms than
those of a single country.<br>
<br>In the general context of market freedom, the development of new
technologies will always precede the question of the extent of their
regulation. Yet, as human activity in the technology expands, some form
of regulation is inevitable, just as it is impossible to imagine cities
without any regulation, even though lack of regulation is possible in
the countryside or wilderness. However, the pace of innovation and
expansion on the Internet guarantees that no regulator can sufficiently
keep pace. This requires deep commitment to human rights on the part of
engineers and others who are creating the Internet in real time.<br>
<br>The pre-existing duty of all nations to support the diffusion of
education concerning human rights takes on a special urgency and
importance in the context of the Internet, because important structural
and design decisions regarding the Internet will always continue to be
made by Internet engineers and administrators at a speed and at a point
in time where it is impossible for detailed guidance or best practices
to exist. In direct effect, the “governance” of the Internet, in
significant part, takes place in real time and in diverse places, often
by engineers and programmers making design decisions, making a
decentralized awareness and knowledge of human rights norms by people
working on the Internet especially critical to preventing serious human
rights issues from emerging. Knowledge about human rights, like the
Internet itself, is a form of power that not only can be decentralized,
but must be decentralized, given the diffuse points of potential impact
on rights on the Internet, and the lack of any centralized ownership or
control that can legitimately affect the whole.<br>
<br>Therefore, the IGC declares that the Internet is, and by rights
ought to be, a place for the full expression of human freedoms and
equality, the IGC condemns violations of human rights on the Internet
and wherever else they may occur, and the IGC calls upon the United
Nations and all people to support the utmost diffusion of education
about human rights so that developers, engineers, administrators and
users of the Internet can maximize the value of the Internet as an
enhancement of the human experience for all people, making ever more
real the human flourishing that is both the reality and the promise of
the Internet, and doing so “without regard to frontiers.” <br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Paul R Lehto, J.D.<br>P.O. Box 1 <br>Ishpeming, MI 49849 <br><a href="mailto:lehto.paul@gmail.com">lehto.paul@gmail.com</a><br>906-204-4026 (cell)<br>
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