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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>Parminder sez in response to Drake:<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>No idea, what you wanted to elicit and what was Alvaro and others not forthcoming about. As you know, Brazilians sponsored a main session on enhanced cooperation at the IGF, when i really dont remember any special enthusiasm for such a discussion of many civil society members <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>[Milton L Mueller] Really? <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>Just for fun, I dug up the transcript and you will see below my intervention and the response of the U.S. State Dept representative.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>Note also that I specifically tried to get a statement from Parminder, but for some reason (cough) the moderator moved on.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><Hyderabad IGF Main session on “Arrangements for Internet Governance.” <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/hyderabad_prog/AfIGGN.html<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>>>EMILY TAYLOR: Thank you very much. Milton, do you have a question?<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>>>MILTON MUELLER: Yes, I do. I actually have a question.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:5.25pt'><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>Okay. We have two distinct concepts of enhanced cooperation up here. The one that I understood was articulated by Mr. Lucero and to some extent by Parminder Singh, saying, to put it in a concrete context, that …enhanced cooperation was trying to solve the problem of governmental role in Internet policy-making. And Mr. Lucero proposed a specific principle which I thought was very interesting, and I'd like to hear Mr. Beaird's and Mr. Singh's reaction to it. [Lucero] said if governments are not involved, such as in IETF or the NRO, that's fine. But if governments are – if you have an international organization which only one government or a select group of governments is involved, that's a problem, that's something that enhanced cooperation should be trying to fix.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:5.25pt'><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:5.25pt'><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>>>EMILY TAYLOR: Dick, would you like to react to that? So the challenge is that only a few or even one government is involved.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:5.25pt'><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>Can I have your comments, please?<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:5.25pt'><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:5.25pt'><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>>>RICHARD BEAIRD: Thank you very much.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:10.5pt'><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>The view that I take in this is that if we have learned anything as a result of the WSIS process and our experience since 2005, is that it's precisely much more complex than to articulate a problem as we did in 2003, that there is a one-country problem. In fact, what we're dealing with -- and here I come back -- which I think the 39 ministers that met in Seoul, including representative from Brazil, which may not have signed the declaration, but was there, understood, which is that we're talking about an Internet economy, which is a much broader concept than we had previously, which is certainly much more -- broader than simply talking about domain names.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:5.25pt'><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>Domain names is a facilitator, is a tool within that economy. Governments are engaged in this process at every level. And my dear friend Everton has given us some excellent examples of where governments are involved. Let me give you one more point to add to this, which is that -- the point being is that governments are involved at every level of the Internet because it is now, we understand, to be an Internet economy. But, further, if there is one thing we also learned from the WSIS process, when governments came together in 2005, the one thing that dominates the documents that are there, both out of Geneva, but certainly out of Tunis, It's e-government. <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>It's how the Internet, used by governments -- and, by the way, governments by all studies are the early adopters of applications and uses of the Internet -- is making possible services that had not been made possible before, prior to the Internet. And that governments, when they came together at the highest levels said this is probably the most important thing for us to talk about. And I think that's the point that needs to be made over and over again in these discussions, which happen at fora such as the IGF which may be rather focused, is that the world outside, in every region of the world, governments are engaged. And that at every level of society, governments, civil society, and the private sector, they are all engaged, and they will find their own level of engagement depending upon their cultural and political context. So my response is that be more positive and be more observant of what, in fact, has happened, and understand that we are all now a part of the Internet economy. <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><end transcript> <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>Now from that exchange I draw 5 conclusions:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i></b><![endif]><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>There were 2 views of EC as an issue to be discussed expressed on that panel, one of them the “hard” focus on the role of states, the other the mushy one that considers any post-WSIS dialogue to be EC.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i></b><![endif]><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>It should be evident from the above which one of those 2 views I took: I eagerly embraced discussing the harder approach<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i></b><![endif]><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>I was not uncomfortable with a robust discussion of EC, as Parminder and Everton Lucero (then of govt of Brazil) understood it<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i></b><![endif]><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>The US govt was _very_ uncomfortable with that issue and tried to divert it to a discussion of e-government<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>5)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i></b><![endif]><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>I was willing to confront the USG on this<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>So. What are we to make of Parminder’s posturing as an oppressed developing world innocent ignored if not trampled by Northern hegemonists in civil society? It is a bit hard to swallow. It seems to me to be a self-reinforcing act of divisiveness. <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>To press further, the discussion of EC makes it clear that one can “equalize” the imbalance in governments’ role either by making governance more “inter-national” (i.e. intergovernmental) or by “de-nationalizing” it (i.</span></i></b> <b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>e., relying on organically developed institutions). Lucero made comments directly and astutely recognizing that option. Parminder didn’t. Why is the de-nationalizing option never recognized and discussed by Parminder? Why is it always framed as North vs. South instead? Is it because you want to pit South against North so you can ride a wave of resentment into some new form of global power? Or are your politics about creating a just, free, flexible regime of global Internet governance that can be supported by anyone in any world region/economy/etc.? <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p></div></div></body></html>