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<font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">See below an interesting
article on how the company that seeks to 'organise the world's
knowledge' really may be doing it. It is time we called for complete
disclosure in public interest of search logics of Google and other
search engine, which truly are now a (the?) principal source of
information and knowledge globally. Also a point to ponder for those
who think everything, including controlling excesses of market power,
can be done bottom-up and may not need policy regimes. <br>
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Parminder<br>
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<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/28/opinion/28raff.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/28/opinion/28raff.html</a> <br>
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<h1><small><small>Search, but You May Not Find
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<div class="byline">By ADAM RAFF</div>
<div class="timestamp">Published: December 27, 2009 </div>
<p>AS we become increasingly dependent on the Internet, we
need to be increasingly concerned about how it is regulated. The
Federal Communications Commission has proposed “network neutrality”
rules, which would prohibit Internet service providers from
discriminating against or charging premiums for certain services or
applications on the Web. The commission is correct that ensuring equal
access to the infrastructure of the Internet is vital, but it errs in
directing its regulations only at service providers like AT&T and
Comcast. </p>
<p>Today, search engines like Google, Yahoo and
Microsoft’s new Bing have become the Internet’s gatekeepers, and the
crucial role they play in directing users to Web sites means they are
now as essential a component of its infrastructure as the physical
network itself. The F.C.C. needs to look beyond network neutrality and
include “search neutrality”: the principle that search engines should
have no editorial policies other than that their results be
comprehensive, impartial and based solely on relevance.</p>
<p>The need
for search neutrality is particularly pressing because so much market
power lies in the hands of one company: Google. With 71 percent of the
United States search market (and 90 percent in Britain), Google’s
dominance of both search and search advertising gives it overwhelming
control. Google’s revenues exceeded $21 billion last year, but this
pales next to the hundreds of billions of dollars of other companies’
revenues that Google controls indirectly through its search results and
sponsored links.</p>
<p>One way that Google exploits this control is by
imposing covert “penalties” that can strike legitimate and useful Web
sites, removing them entirely from its search results or placing them
so far down the rankings that they will in all likelihood never be
found. For three years, my company’s vertical search and
price-comparison site, Foundem, was effectively “disappeared” from the
Internet in this way. </p>
<p>Another way that Google exploits its
control is through preferential placement. With the introduction in
2007 of what it calls “universal search,” Google began promoting its
own services at or near the top of its search results, bypassing the
algorithms it uses to rank the services of others. Google now favors
its own price-comparison results for product queries, its own map
results for geographic queries, its own news results for topical
queries, and its own YouTube results for video queries. And Google’s
stated plans for universal search make it clear that this is only the
beginning.</p>
<p> Because of its domination of the global search market
and ability to penalize competitors while placing its own services at
the top of its search results, Google has a virtually unassailable
competitive advantage. And Google can deploy this advantage well beyond
the confines of search to any service it chooses. Wherever it does so,
incumbents are toppled, new entrants are suppressed and innovation is
imperiled.</p>
<p> Google’s treatment of Foundem stifled our growth and
constrained the development of our innovative search technology. The
preferential placement of Google Maps helped it unseat MapQuest from
its position as America’s leading online mapping service virtually
overnight. The share price of TomTom, a maker of navigation systems,
has fallen by some 40 percent in the weeks since the announcement of
Google’s free turn-by-turn satellite navigation service. And RightMove,
Britain’s leading real-estate portal, lost 10 percent of its market
value this month on the mere rumor that Google planned a real-estate
search service here. </p>
<p>Without search neutrality rules to
constrain Google’s competitive advantage, we may be heading toward a
bleakly uniform world of Google Everything — Google Travel, Google
Finance, Google Insurance, Google Real Estate, Google Telecoms and, of
course, Google Books. </p>
<p>Some will argue that Google is itself so
innovative that we needn’t worry. But the company isn’t as innovative
as it is regularly given credit for. Google Maps, Google Earth, Google
Groups, Google Docs, Google Analytics, Android and many other Google
products are all based on technology that Google has acquired rather
than invented. </p>
<p>Even AdWords and AdSense, the phenomenally
efficient economic engines behind Google’s meteoric success, are
essentially borrowed inventions: Google acquired AdSense by purchasing
Applied Semantics in 2003; and AdWords, though developed by Google, is
used under license from its inventors, Overture.</p>
<p>Google was quick
to recognize the threat to openness and innovation posed by the market
power of Internet service providers, and has long been a leading
proponent of net neutrality. But it now faces a difficult choice. Will
it embrace search neutrality as the logical extension to net neutrality
that truly protects equal access to the Internet? Or will it try to
argue that discriminatory market power is somehow dangerous in the
hands of a cable or telecommunications company but harmless in the
hands of an overwhelmingly dominant search engine?</p>
<p>The F.C.C. is
now inviting public comment on its proposed network neutrality rules,
so there is still time to persuade the commission to expand the scope
of the regulations. In particular, it should ensure that the principles
of transparency and nondiscrimination apply to search engines as well
as to service providers. The alternative is an Internet in which
innovation can be squashed at will by an all-powerful search engine. </p>
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<p><i>Adam Raff is a co-founder of Foundem, an Internet technology firm.</i>
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