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<font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">I agree, the real spirit
behind this discussion is the need to recognize the immense policy
implications of many issues that are arising in the context of the
Internet that require global policy responses, and the complete absence
of any mechanisms adequate to the purpose. In the case of Kindle, and
other quoted examples, as discussed, the policy issues are about
anti-competitive vertical integration, non inter-interoperability/ non
open standards etc, which become significant obstacles to access to
knowledge for countries with little market power. In the hugely
monopolistic global digital spaces with few global players having
unprecedented distortive market powers, only global regulation can
address these issues. What are we doing about it? What are our views on
it?<br>
<br>
While other responses can very well be shared, it may be important to
specifically discuss this important matter of global Internet policy
making. IGC, as Micheal says, has an important role and mandate to
squarely address this issue. Parminder <br>
</font><br>
Michael Gurstein wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid:4BA221AE17C046ECB7C5AAC212A585F9@userPC"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; ">
<title>Message</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="MSHTML 8.00.6001.18852">
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"><font color="#0000ff"
face="Arial" size="2">I'ld like to toss a few somewhat disconnected
but related propositions/statements into this very fruitful discussion.</font></span></div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"></span> </div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"><font color="#0000ff"
face="Arial" size="2">1. times (and technologies) change. If certain
principles (rights?) are meant to be universal and unchangeable but
don't seem to connect very well with changed times/technologies then
either the principles need to change (but they are unchangeable) or
some alternative route needs to be found to respond to those changes
either by facilitating a reinterpretation/extension of those principles
or by finding a substitute mechanism that achieves a similar end.</font></span></div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"></span> </div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"><font color="#0000ff"
face="Arial" size="2">2. the IGC is meant to be civil societies voice
in Internet Governance issues. The question here is whether there are
new issues arising which need a Civil Society position and a Civil
Society voice in Internet Governance fora. </font></span></div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"></span> </div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"><font color="#0000ff"
face="Arial" size="2">3. the Internet is by its very nature global and
in many aspects does not allow for national regulation/policy
making/control etc.etc. Either those aspects will remain
unrgulated/un-"policied"/uncontrolled or mechanisms need to be
developed at the global level to respond to these</font></span></div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"></span> </div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"><font color="#0000ff"
face="Arial" size="2">4. for the US Government movies (and cultural
products in general) are seen as consumer products equivalent to bars
of soap or chinese food in Geneva i.e. to be subject only to consumer
protection/regulation (and to be governed under the jurisdiction of the
WTO). For many other countries (Canada being a notable leader in this
for very significant and applicable reasons which I could explain if
asked) movies (and cultural products in general) are seen as a
fundamental element of national culture to be protected as such under
the UNDHR with a special global Convention on Cultural Diversity
(through UNESCO) created specifically to ensure those and directly
related issues.</font></span></div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"></span> </div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"><font color="#0000ff"
face="Arial" size="2">I'm wondering if what we are discussing here
might not be the beginnings of such a necessary global mechanism (there
are a range of these of various strengths/applicabliity) and is it not
incumbent on we as the IGC to be taking some leadership in this area?</font></span></div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"></span> </div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"><font color="#0000ff"
face="Arial" size="2">Mike</font></span></div>
<div><span class="495493316-27112009"></span> </div>
<blockquote style="margin-right: 0px;" dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr" class="OutlookMessageHeader" align="left"
lang="en-us"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">-----Original Message-----<br>
<b>From:</b> Parminder [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:parminder@itforchange.net">mailto:parminder@itforchange.net</a>] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, November 27, 2009 6:44 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:governance@lists.cpsr.org">governance@lists.cpsr.org</a>; Meryem Marzouki<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Extending Rights to the Internet: (Was RE:
[governance] Example<br>
<br>
</font></div>
<font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">Meryem<br>
<br>
<br>
I started my email by saying we may not want to use the terms
'authoritarianism' or 'human rights' here.<br>
<br>
The reference to Mexican food in Geneva came after a round where the
term 'authoritarian' had been kind of muted out of the discussion, and
Micheal had made a clear case of '</font><span lang="en-us"><i><font
face="Courier New" size="2">access to the tools that allow for or
facilitate the use of the Internet especially when those tools are
linked into some sort of monopolistic position with respect to the use
of the Internet should surely fall under that rubric".<br>
<br>
</font></i></span><font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif"> Speaking
of Mexican food in Geneva in this context, and also with new examples
like paypal being added to the kindle one, is in my view insensitive
and inconsiderate to the basic set of concerns being expressed. <br>
<br>
</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">Also, at least i
did not say 'authoritarian nonsense' :) ...<br>
<br>
In the global digital space, which is a new global social space,
private monopolistic controls are a huge issue, perhaps 'the' issue,
and it is obvious that this is what was being discussed at this stage,
along with corresponding issue of debilitating exclusions.. <br>
<br>
I would not consider non-availability of one set of goods or others in
a country as a comparable example. What is more comparable is what I
found to some shock when I visited Iran a few years back. Credit cards
do not work there because the companies are mostly US and they follow a
kind of embargo. Many people came to meeting I went for without enough
cash, and they had to use credit cards in black (illegal overseas
transactions) to get cash. And of course normal business in Iran would
be hugely affected, locally, as well as globally. it is this kind of
basic enabling services that need to be treated at a very different
level than simple goods. And as digital world gets more and more
enmeshed in our lives, these monopolies, and imperialistic powers
behind it, is the issue at stake, and begins discussed.
Correspondingly, it is the deep exclusions and new dependencies that
will develop that are of concern.<br>
<br>
I know you do agree to these concerns generally, but do not agree to
frame them as a human rights issue. I can agree. But when you say, it
may not be even be an issue of 'consumer rights' i may not agree. As
you said in an earlier email, it may not be so much that I want to use
a particular commercial software as a right, as of open standards and
inter-interoperability with local options that can be developed. That
is a certainly a huge consumer right issue. <br>
<br>
Best, Parminder <br>
<br>
</font><span lang="en-us"><i><font face="Courier New" size="2"><br>
</font></i></span><br>
Meryem Marzouki wrote:
<blockquote
cite="mid:E5FD43F7-393B-4C14-A450-60D2E6AA3647@marzouki.info"
type="cite">Parminder,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I fully agree with you that regulation of giant corporates -
not only at global but also at regional and national levesl in
countries where they operate or have subsidiaries - as you formulate it
is an issue of foremost importance and that it is much needed. This
issue has in addition to be dealt with in various fora and framework,
not only those related to Internet governance, as the <span
style="font-size: 12px;" class="Apple-style-span">"Proposal for a WTO
Agreement on the Supply of Knowledge as a Global Public Good" example
forwarded by Michael shows.</span></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="Apple-style-span"></span>However,
it's not fair to interpret as "inappropriate", "inconsiderate", and "a
smack of insensitivity" an - ironical, I admit - comment of the very
specific and minor consumer issue as the one brought by Fouad with the
example of Amazon Kindle software for PC not being available in
Pakistan. By minor, I mean that it's an inconvenience, not a violation
of human rights nor an obstacle to development, not even a breach of
any consumer rights (consumer rights does not include any "right to
consume").</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The irony of the comment (comparison with unavailabity of
good Mexican food in Geneva) was simply proportional to the exageration
in calling "authoritarianism" the fact that a given commercial product
is not available in a given country. Words matter, because they express
concepts and there unadequate use might lead to the dilution of these
concepts and the softening of problems that really matter, by equating
them to minor issues. I am sure this was certainly not Fouad's
intention, but we should be cautious on this kind of process: they are
intentionally used far too often, and it's so easy to get traped.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I lived during the first 25 years of my life in Tunisia, my
other country of culture and citizenship and my country of birth, still
have family there and visit them regularly. You cannot imagine the
number of goods and services that are not available there (not even
speaking of affordability), for various reasons: market not wide enough
for some goods or services, too expensive or not worth to be imported
(the Tunisian Dinar is not quoted on the international currency market)
and many other commercial or financial reasons as already suggested in
this discussion. Conversely, there are also Tunisian goods and services
that I cannot find elsewhere in the world. Too bad, but so what? </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>As far as I'm concerned, I keep the word 'authoritarianism'
for cases when, e.g. a book cannot be found in Tunisia (or is taken by
the police in your luggage when you enter the country) for censorship
reasons, not when I cannot find it easily in any Tunisian bookshop
simply because no one besides me would be interested in reading (and
thus buying) it.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best,</div>
<div>Meryem</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<div>Le 27 nov. 09 à 13:30, Parminder a écrit :</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type="cite"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">Hi
All<br>
<br>
Getting late into something which as Carlos said is an interesting
discussion...<br>
<br>
Even if we agree to not apply the terms authoritarianism and human
rights here, the underlying issue is of great importance suggesting
urgent need for global Internet policy making, and developing
institutions that are adequate to that purpose. The issue also suggests
that existing global policy institutions do not cover a good deal of
new ground that is opened up with this global phenomenon of Internet
becoming an important part of more and more aspects of our social
lives...<br>
<br>
It is fine to say that this is a consumer rights issue, and i agree
with Meryem that the real issue is that there should be enough
alternative software/ devices and interoperability should be ensured...
But the point is, who ensures that. Economically less powerful
(developing) countries do not have the muscle to regulate these
unprecedentedly huge global </font><font
face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">digital </font><font
face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">companies, and so they have to
simply submit. The developed countries often see strong economic
interest in not disturbing the 'imperialist' designs of these companies
which are almost all based in these countries and bring them a lot of
economic benefits and sustaining advantage (the framework of a new wave
of neo-imperialism). <br>
<br>
Who then regulates these giant corporates, whose power now rivals that
of many states? There seem to be a clear and strong tendency, shared by
much of civil society in the developed world - IGC not being immune to
it - that Internet (and its digital ecosystem) should be left
unregulated, mostly. At least there seems to be no urgency to do
anything about global Internet policy arena. The fear of statist
control on the Internet has become all that ever counts in any
discussion on global Internet governance/ policy-making. (This has
become almost a red-herring now.) This is problematic for developing
countries, and to the collective interests of the people of these
countries, (the right to development) which are in great danger of
losing out as the (non-level) digital playground is being set out,
without due regulation in global public interest. To get the right
global governance institutions and outcomes to address this vital
issue, in my opinion, is what should centrally constitute the
'development agenda in IG'. <br>
<br>
I would consider it very inappropriate, and very inconsiderate, to
compare such real problems that developing counties increasingly face,
and will face in future to an even greater extent, like the
non-availability of 'basic' and enabling software like e-readers, with
non-availability of Mexican food in Geneva... It is even more
inappropriate to speak of people of 'certain persuasion' who in WTO
arena oppose certain multinational invasion of unprotected markets in
developing countries, as being a sentiment and act in opposition to
raising the issues of necessary provision of basic enabling software/
devices on fair and open standard terms to people of developing
countries. Our organization has joined protests on many WTO issues, but
do clearly sympathize with the present issue under consideration. They
proceed from very different logics, but have a convergence in the fact
that (1) global economy (and society) have to regulated in global
public interest , and (2) the interest of developing countries is often
different from that of developed countries. Appropriate global
regulatory and governance systems have to be built which take into
account these differentials, without being formulaic about it. That in
my understanding constitutes the development agenda in global forums. <br>
<br>
Many other examples of commercial digital services have been given -
like paypal etc - denial of which can have a very strong exclusionary
effect of people and groups... Exclusion has to be seen and addressed
in its real, felt forms and not by simplistic comparisons, which smack
of insensitivity. <br>
<br>
Think of Microsoft suddenly refusing to give Windows related services
to a country (I know many would take it as a blessing, but there are
strong issue there still), or Skype not being available in a country
which would cut its residents off many a global tele-meetings
(including civil society ones). Or, Google, especially after it has all
of us doing every second online activity on its platform, cutting off
its services to a country... this surely isnt about Mexican food in
Geneva. <br>
<br>
Parminder <br>
<br>
</font><br>
Michael Gurstein wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid:EACABE31C54E4623B57A049480D22A99@userPC"
type="cite">
<pre wrap="">Bien sur!
M
-----Original Message-----
From: Meryem Marzouki [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:meryem@marzouki.info" moz-do-not-send="true">mailto:meryem@marzouki.info</a>]
Sent: Thursday, November 26, 2009 10:35 AM
To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:governance@lists.cpsr.org" moz-do-not-send="true">governance@lists.cpsr.org</a>
Subject: Re: Extending Rights to the Internet: (Was RE: [governance] Example
of Corporate Internet Authoritarianism -
My English skills probably need improvement:
First of all, it's not about participating in *a* debate, but
participating in *the democratic debate* (this means, at least in
French, full democratic participation).
Second, it's about the "full exercize of democracy and of one's
fundamental rights", which means full democratic participation AND
full exercize of fundamental rights". To my knowledge, education/
health/development are part of fundamental rights, aren't they? Meryem
Le 26 nov. 09 à 19:03, Michael Gurstein a écrit :
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">But opportunities to "participate in a debate" on something (e.g.
education/health/development) is rather narrower (and less significant
certainly) than an opportunity to actually have an
education/health/development, or have I missed something.
Mike
-----Original Message-----
From: Meryem Marzouki [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:meryem@marzouki.info" moz-do-not-send="true">mailto:meryem@marzouki.info</a>]
Sent: Thursday, November 26, 2009 9:52 AM
To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:governance@lists.cpsr.org" moz-do-not-send="true">governance@lists.cpsr.org</a>
Subject: Re: Extending Rights to the Internet: (Was RE:
[governance] Example
of Corporate Internet Authoritarianism -
Hi Mike,
I thought this was covered by the "and one's fundamental rights" in
the second part of the sentence. By "full exercize of democracy" I
meant in this context participation in the democratic debate.
Le 26 nov. 09 à 18:36, Michael Gurstein a écrit :
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">Thanks Meryem,
I agree with your reformulation of my rather awkward initial
formulation...
My one caveat (and here I'm again demonstrating my lack of
familiarity with
the "Rights" discourse) is that the statement "access to the
Internet as a
necessary requirement for the full exercize of democracy" seems to
me rather
too narrow in that one could add/substitute
"development"/"health"/"education"/and so on for your terminology of
"democracy".
Meryem: "I would rather state it differently: access to the
Internet as a
necessary requirement for the full exercize of democracy and one's
fundamental right requires that there are accessible tools that
allow for or
facilitate the use of the Internet."
Mike
From: Meryem Marzouki [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:meryem@marzouki.info" moz-do-not-send="true">mailto:meryem@marzouki.info</a>]
Sent: Thursday, November 26, 2009 8:54 AM
To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:governance@lists.cpsr.org" moz-do-not-send="true">governance@lists.cpsr.org</a>
Subject: Re: [governance] Example of Corporate Internet
Authoritarianism -
Hi all,
I agree with Carlos and Bill here. Even beyond this discussion, it's
strange how often I've seen recently people - or organizations -
speaking of consumer rights as human rights (i.e. fundamental
rights). The
fact that there exist national, regional, international
legislation giving rights to consumers (w.r.t. to goods and services
providers) does certainly not mean that this is a fundamental right!
Regarding Michael's interpretation that: "If access to the Internet
is a necessary requirement for participation in an "Information
Society" then access to the tools that allow for or facilitate the
use of the Internet especially when those tools are linked into some
sort of monopolistic position with respect to the use of the Internet
should surely fall under that rubric.", I would rather state it
differently: access to the Internet as a necessary requirement for
the full exercize of democracy and one's fundamental right requires
that there are accessible tools that allow for or facilitate the use
of the Internet". In other words, the requirement is not to access
tools provided in a monopolistic position, but that there should be
no monopolies, i.e. alternative tools should exist and be accessible,
allowing access to and production of information as well as full
participation.
Going back to Fouad's initial example: the point is not that Amazon's
Kindle software for PC is not accessible in Pakistan (though it might
be an inconvenience for some), but rather that you couldn't read a
given book unless using Amazon's Kindle software for PC. Which is not
the case, apparently, since I can read the mentioned report (<a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://" moz-do-not-send="true">http://</a>
report.knightcomm.org/) through other means, e.g. with my browser, on
a MacIntosh, connected from Paris.
Conclusion: it's a pure (and minor, I would say but this is a
personal opinion) consumer issue: someone wants to buy a product
which is not available in his/her country. See Bill's problem in
getting good Mexican food in Geneva, which those who know Bill would
qualify as a much more preoccupying problem;))
Best,
Meryem
Le 26 nov. 09 à 14:30, Carlos A. Afonso a écrit :
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">Wow, what a strange discussion. Let's contribute to it: how about
iTunes
or AppleTV only working in developed countries (one cannot purchase
media without having a credit card account in the USA or some other
developed country)? How about only now Sony introduces the PS2
(PS2, an
obsolete gadget) in Brazil, and has no plans to introduce the PS3?
I think the whole discussion is biased by a focus on being able to
consume (superfluous or not) stuff anywhere, whatever the big
companies
create to make us think we have to have it.
--c.a.
McTim wrote:
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">On Thu, Nov 26, 2009 at 11:18 AM, William Drake
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:william.drake@graduateinstitute.ch" moz-do-not-send="true"><william.drake@graduateinstitute.ch></a> wrote:
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">Hi Michael,
On Nov 25, 2009, at 6:50 PM, Michael Gurstein wrote:
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">I think that Bill's casual dismissal of this issue is not
appropriate.
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">There's a difference between disagreeing with something and being
inappropriate.
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">The logic here is surely the same as the overall logic of a
"Right to the
Internet" (remembering that I claim no expertise in the domain
of discussion
around "Rights"...
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">Really? "Right to the Internet" is the same as declaring any
company that doesn't sell a product in a given country to be
"authoritarian."? Sorry, but this strikes me as fuzzy logic, and
not the computer science kind.
It used to be that when a transnational firm entered a developing
country's market folks of certain persuasions would decry this as
imperialist etc. But now if a firm does not enter a market we
can also call them names normally associated with governments
that brutalize their populations to retain political power?
Maybe you should notify all the groups working against WTO
agreements etc that they have it backwards and are promoting
authoritarianism, whereas what they really should be doing is
demanding that every company everywhere be required to sell
everything everywhere else.
Fouad says Amazon is authoritarian because it "dictates who buys
or isn't allowed to buy from its website;" presumably, this would
apply to other companies and distribution channels as well.
Let's leave aside the many reasons why a company might not serve
a given market---costs, level of effective demand, distribution,
local partner requirements, regulatory/policy uncertainty/
unfavorability, the prospects of fraud (as Carlton notes), etc
etc---since I guess normal business considerations don't matter.
All that does by Fouad's standard is can I buy what I want, and
if not, they're equivalent with, say, the Burmese junta.
I can't get real Mexican food at Geneva grocery stores. I
couldn't buy a Coke at the Sharm airport, only Pepsi. I can't
watch most US TV shows over the net in Switzerland. I can't see
most non-Hollywood US films, e.g. indies, at Geneva movie
theaters. But I want these things. So am I a victim of
authoritarianism?
I'm sorry to hear that Kindle for PC is not currently available
in Pakistan. Perhaps it would make sense to actually find out
why this is so and see if anything can be done to encourage
change? Might be more productive than misplaced sloganeering.
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">+1
I knew if I waited long enough, someone would spend the time to
say this!
BTW, Fouad, can you not use a proxy service?
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">--
Carlos A. Afonso
CGI.br (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.cgi.br"
moz-do-not-send="true">www.cgi.br</a>)
Nupef (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="http://www.nupef.org.br" moz-do-not-send="true">www.nupef.org.br</a>)
====================================
new/nuevo/novo e-mail: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:ca@cafonso.ca" moz-do-not-send="true">ca@cafonso.ca</a>
====================================
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</pre>
</blockquote>
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