<div dir="ltr">Hello Parminder and All,<br>
<br>The trends reported in the NY Times article point to the possibility of the Internet becoming a level playing field. But can we afford to assume that there would be a perfect balance?<br><br>I would rather wonder where the next center for power would be. China? Europe? Japan?<br>
<br>History shows several instances of one imbalanced replaced by yet another kind of imbalance in the process of the intended act of balancing. <br><br>On the Internet what next ?<br><br>As far Jeffrey's response, I have a feeling that the Security Concerns are usually exaggerated or even propagandized to make it easy to argue that the Internet needs to be controlled and regulated.<br>
<br>Sivasubramanian Muthusamy<br>ISOC India Chennai.<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sun, Aug 31, 2008 at 1:06 PM, Jeffrey A. Williams <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com">jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
<div>
<p>Parminder and all,</p>
<p> Yes the New York Times and slasdot also have been carrying a similar story.</p>
<p>(see below my remarks )...</p>
<p> I wrote both of my senators and congressmen about this expressing my</p>
<p>and our members concerns and questions regarding this "Event" which </p>
<p>was of course expected or should have been. We in the US are still</p>
<p>very concerned or paranoid, depending on your point of view, of</p>
<p>terrorism, fraud, and abuse of various sorts from within and from</p>
<p>without our own boarders. The level of concern seems to some</p>
<p>us citizens, justified, and to others not justified. </p>
<p> Given the number of phishing scam Email I have received and</p>
<p>immediately reported yet have seen no apparent action upon,</p>
<p>and the amount of "Child Porn" spamming I have also received</p>
<p>with seemingly just as little recognizable *Proper* if any action</p>
<p>upon, I am puzzled as to what the broader justification is or</p>
<p>may be for the recent passed legislation/laws both state and federal</p>
<p>that has actually aided in any significant way that citizens reporting</p>
<p>themselves could not have otherwise achieved within previously</p>
<p>existing law. Yet I remain steadfast in favor of once establishing</p>
<p>whom these perps are of may be to be sought out and dealt with</p>
<p>accordingly. Problem is how does one accurately define whom</p>
<p>such sorts of perps be positively identified if originating outside</p>
<p>my own country and without much better cooperation of non-US</p>
<p>LEA's accordingly. A real circular conundrum indeed!<br></p>
<p>See:</p>
<p>New York Times story about how internet<br>traffic is <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/30/business/30pipes.html" target="_blank">http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/30/business/30pipes.html</a><br>increasingly flowing around the US as web-based industries<br>
catch up in other parts of the world. Other issues, such as<br> <a href="http://tech.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/03/24/1959201&tid=217" target="_blank">http://tech.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/03/24/1959201&tid=217</a> the<br>
Patriot Act, have made foreign companies wary about having their data on</p>
<p>US servers. From the NYTimes: "Internet industry executives and</p><div class="Ih2E3d"><br>government officials have acknowledged that Internet traffic passing<br>through the switching equipment of companies based in the United States<br>
has proved a distinct advantage for American intelligence agencies. In<br>December 2005, The New York Times reported that the National Security<br>Agency had established a program with the cooperation of American<br>telecommunications firms that included the interception of foreign<br>
Internet communications. Some Internet technologists and privacy<br>advocates say those actions and other government policies may be<br>hastening the shift in Canadian and European traffic away from the<br>United States."<br>
<br><br></div>
<blockquote style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 255); padding-left: 5px; margin-left: 0px;"><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">-----Original Message----- <br>From: Parminder <br>Sent: Aug 31, 2008 2:28 AM <br>To: <a href="mailto:governance@lists.cpsr.org" target="_blank">governance@lists.cpsr.org</a> <br>
Subject: [governance] Internet Traffic Begins to Bypass the U.S <br><br>
</div></div><div><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Thought will be useful to the list. Parminder </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Internet Traffic Begins to Bypass the U.S. By JOHN MARKOFF</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">SAN FRANCISCO </span></font><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;">—</span></font><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> The era of the American Internet is ending.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Invented by American computer scientists during the 1970s, the Internet has been embraced around the globe. During the network's first three decades, most Internet traffic flowed through the United States. In many cases, data sent between two locations within a given country also passed through the United States.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Engineers who help run the Internet said that it would have been impossible for the United States to maintain its hegemony over the long run because of the very nature of the Internet; it has no central point of control.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">And now, the balance of power is shifting. Data is increasingly flowing around the United States, which may have intelligence </span></font><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;">—</span></font><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> and conceivably military </span></font><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;">—</span></font><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> consequences.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">American intelligence officials have warned about this shift. "Because of the nature of global telecommunications, we are playing with a tremendous home-field advantage, and we need to exploit that edge," </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Michael V. Hayden, the director of the Central Intelligence Agency, testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee in 2006. "We also need to protect that edge, and we need to protect those who provide it to us."</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Indeed, Internet industry executives and government officials have acknowledged that Internet traffic passing through the switching equipment of companies based in the United States has proved a distinct advantage for American intelligence agencies. In December 2005, The New York Times reported that the National Security Agency had established a program with the cooperation of American telecommunications firms that included the interception of foreign Internet communications.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Some Internet technologists and privacy advocates say those actions and other government policies may be hastening the shift in Canadian and European traffic away from the United States.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">"Since passage of the Patriot Act, many companies based outside of the United States have been reluctant to store client information in the U.S.," said Marc Rotenberg, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center in Washington. "There is an ongoing concern that U.S. </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">intelligence agencies will gather this information without legal process. There is particular sensitivity about access to financial information as well as communications and Internet traffic that goes through U.S. switches."</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">But economics also plays a role. Almost all nations see data networks as essential to economic development. "It's no different than any other infrastructure that a country needs," said K C Claffy, a research scientist at the Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis in San Diego. "You wouldn't want someone owning your roads either."</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Indeed, more countries are becoming aware of how their dependence on other countries for their Internet traffic makes them vulnerable. </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Because of tariffs, pricing anomalies and even corporate cultures, Internet providers will often not exchange data with their local competitors. They prefer instead to send and receive traffic with larger international Internet service providers.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">This leads to odd routing arrangements, referred to as tromboning, in which traffic between two cites in one country will flow through other nations. In January, when a cable was cut in the Mediterranean, Egyptian Internet traffic was nearly paralyzed because it was not being shared by local I.S.P.'s but instead was routed through European operators.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The issue was driven home this month when hackers attacked and immobilized several Georgian government Web sites during the country's fighting with Russia. Most of Georgia's access to the global network flowed through Russia and Turkey. A third route through an undersea cable linking Georgia to Bulgaria is scheduled for completion in September.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ms. Claffy said that the shift away from the United States was not limited to developing countries. The Japanese "are on a rampage to build out across India and China so they have alternative routes and so they don't have to route through the U.S."</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Andrew M. Odlyzko, a professor at the University of Minnesota who tracks the growth of the global Internet, added, "We discovered the Internet, but we couldn't keep it a secret." While the United States carried 70 percent of the world's Internet traffic a decade ago, he estimates that portion has fallen to about 25 percent.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Internet technologists say that the global data network that was once a competitive advantage for the United States is now increasingly outside the control of American companies. They decided not to invest in lower-cost optical fiber lines, which have rapidly become a commodity business.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">That lack of investment mirrors a pattern that has taken place elsewhere in the high-technology industry, from semiconductors to personal computers.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The risk, Internet technologists say, is that upstarts like China and India are making larger investments in next-generation Internet technology that is likely to be crucial in determining the future of the network, with investment, innovation and profits going first to overseas companies.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">"Whether it's a good or a bad thing depends on where you stand," said Vint Cerf, a computer scientist who is Google's Internet evangelist and who, with Robert Kahn, devised the original Internet routing protocols in the early 1970s. "Suppose the Internet was entirely confined to the U.S., which it once was? That wasn't helpful."</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">International networks that carry data into and out of the United States are still being expanded at a sharp rate, but the Internet infrastructure in many other regions of the world is growing even more quickly.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">While there has been some concern over a looming Internet traffic jam because of the rise in Internet use worldwide, the congestion is generally not on the Internet's main trunk lines, but on neighborhood switches, routers and the wires into a house.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">As Internet traffic moves offshore, it may complicate the task of American intelligence gathering agencies, but would not make Internet surveillance impossible.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">"We're probably in one of those situations where things get a little bit harder," said John Arquilla, a professor at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, Calif., who said the United States had invested far too little in collecting intelligence via the Internet. "We've given terrorists a free ride in cyberspace," he said.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Others say the eclipse of the United States as the central point in cyberspace is one of many indicators that the world is becoming a more level playing field both economically and politically.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">"This is one of many dimensions on which we'll have to adjust to a reduction in American ability to dictate terms of core interests of ours," said Yochai Benkler, co-director of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard. "We are, by comparison, militarily weaker, economically poorer and technologically less unique than we were then. We are still a very big player, but not in control."</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">China, for instance, surpassed the United States in the number of Internet users in June. Over all, Asia now has 578.5 million, or 39.5 percent, of the world's Internet users, although only 15.3 percent of the Asian population is connected to the Internet, according to Internet World Stats, a market research organization.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">By contrast, there were about 237 million Internet users in North America and the growth has nearly peaked; penetration of the Internet in the region has reached about 71 percent.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The increasing role of new competitors has shown up in data collected annually by Renesys, a firm in Manchester, N.H., that monitors the connections between Internet providers. The Renesys rankings of Internet connections, an indirect measure of growth, show that the big winners in the last three years have been the Italian Internet provider Tiscali, China Telecom and the Japanese telecommunications operator KDDI.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Firms that have slipped in the rankings have all been American: Verizon, Savvis, AT&T, Qwest, Cogent and AboveNet.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">"The U.S. telecommunications firms haven't invested," said Earl Zmijewski, vice president and general manager for Internet data services at Renesys. "The rest of the world has caught up. I don't see the AT&T's and Sprints making the investments because they see Internet service as a commodity."</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Copyright 2008 The New York Times Company</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></font></p>
</div></div><p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">Regards,</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">Spokesman for INEGroup LLA. - (Over 281k members/stakeholders strong!)<br>"Obedience of the law is the greatest freedom" -<br> Abraham Lincoln</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">"Credit should go with the performance of duty and not with what is<br>very often the accident of glory" - Theodore Roosevelt</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">"If the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B;<br>liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by<br>
P: i.e., whether B is less than PL."<br>United States v. Carroll Towing (159 F.2d 169 [2d Cir. 1947]<br>===============================================================<br>Updated 1/26/04<br>CSO/DIR. Internet Network Eng. SR. Eng. Network data security IDNS.<br>
div. of Information Network Eng. INEG. INC.<br>ABA member in good standing member ID 01257402 E-Mail<br><a href="mailto:jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com" target="_blank">jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com</a><br>My Phone: 214-244-4827</span></font></p>
</div></blockquote></div>
<br>____________________________________________________________<br>
You received this message as a subscriber on the list:<br>
<a href="mailto:governance@lists.cpsr.org">governance@lists.cpsr.org</a><br>
To be removed from the list, send any message to:<br>
<a href="mailto:governance-unsubscribe@lists.cpsr.org">governance-unsubscribe@lists.cpsr.org</a><br>
<br>
For all list information and functions, see:<br>
<a href="http://lists.cpsr.org/lists/info/governance" target="_blank">http://lists.cpsr.org/lists/info/governance</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/sivasubramanianmuthusamy">http://www.linkedin.com/in/sivasubramanianmuthusamy</a><br>
</div>