<div>Dear Karl, dear all,</div>
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<div>Thanks for the interest and remarks. I'll try some answers to the key comments that require clarification on my part. Apologies for not addressing all comments here. Will come back to them later if needed. </div>
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<div>1) For Karl (on individuals,people and stakeholders)</div>
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<div>Avri Doria had pointed me long ago to a post of yours regarding the notion of "stakeholders" and I have intended for a long time to contact you on that, to express how much I agree on the importance of individuals. Your very well formulated post is a perfect opportunity to clarify things.
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<div>Let it be said loud and clear here : individuals are indeed stakeholders, not only organizations. Better, they <u>are</u> the stakeholders, and organizations are only, as you mention, the "aggregates" they choose to present their views in processes.
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<div>Therefore my reference to stakeholders does include you and McTim, and me too by the way when I participated in the WSIS on a personal basis. As you formulated yourself : <font color="#000000">"Every person who uses the internet has a stake in the internet". I would even go further to take Parminder's remarks on a previous thread : people who do not use the Internet today are also stakeholders regarding its evolution and usage, because its governance may impact them. In rough terms, a stakeholder is an individual or organization that has a concern or interest in an issue, that has an impact on it or is impacted by it. How they can all be involved in the discussions is a process question, not a principle question : the question is How, not whether.
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<div>The founding principle/spirit of a multi-stakeholder governance process is therefore something like : "Any person has the right to participate in the governance of the issues of interest or concern to him/her. Specific processes established to facilitate the elaboration, adoption or implementation of regimes must guarantee transparency, inclusion and diversity."
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<div>This concept is central to what we all have the responsibility to create. It certainly deserves a thorough discussion beyond this post. But, to alleviate your legitimate fears that the notion of stakeholder is understood at the conceptual level as meaning only organizations and not individuals, I would like to underline that :
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<div>- the Internet Governance Caucus has only individual members, as described in its Charter <font color="#993399">: "<font face="Arial, sans-serif" color="#000000"><span style="BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%">
The members of the IGC are individuals, acting in personal capacity, who subscribe to the charter of the caucus. All members are equal and have the same rights and duties." If, as I mentionned, the IGCaucus is used to designate / propose
</span></font></font> members of a MAG, then individuals like youself are clearly engaged;</div>
<div>- the IGF itself, in Athens and for the open consultations, in large part thanks to Vittorio's insistence and I believe your own remarks, allowed people to register in their personal capacity, which, to my knowledge is an absolute first for anything connected to the UN - and shoud be preserved as much as possible.
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<div>I stop on this post to address the other issues, but understand this is just a stage in the discussion and am willing to engage. I suggest we start a separate thread on this notion of stakeholders. Long overdue and critical.
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<div>2) For Mike (Gurstein)</div>
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<div>As I've had the opportunity to mention in other posts, participants in multi-stakeholder processes do not and should not "represent" people or organizations in the traditional sense of representative democracy, meaning taking decisions in their place. They represent viewpoints, the diversity of viewpoints. The purpose of a multi-stakeholder deliberation, in my view, is to make sure that all facets of a given issue (technical, social, economic and policy) are taken into account in the discussion from the onset, before rushing towards the drafting of a "solution". As we can witness in the ICANN whois debate, involvement of all categories of actors is critical to understand completely an issue.
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<div>Therefore, the question should never be : "how many divisions ?" (ie how many members does this person "represent"). Because we do not talk about voting here, but about thorough examination of issues, discussion, democracy through deliberation. And therefore the right question is : does this person help understand a specific dimension of the issue or the position and interests of a given group of actors, does this person contribute constructively to a better common understanding ? The primary goal is consensus building in the analysis of an issue, not weighted voting. The question is participation, not representation. A single individual with good ideas is much more important to these processes than the "representative" of an organization claiming millions of members who have never heard of the positions he/she is taking publicly in a given process.
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<div>The right question in your comments is : how to ensure outreach (reporting / information on what is happening to the "outside") and reduce the barrier to engagement (remote participation, online tools, travel support, etc...). But on that I share Milton's remarks : "getting people involved in something is far more complex than inviting them" and "the infrastructure for mass participation is always built by a small dedicated group that labors inthe wilderness for years, sometimes decades, before anyone pays attention." At the end of the day, this is what these discussions are about : building an infrastructure for Internet Governance, a set of principles or protocols that allow an heterogeneous set of governance structures (national, private, etc..) to interoperate and behave as an integrated seamless whole. This is only the beggining and we are all trying to find the founding principles. But representation (in the sense of voting and elections) is probably not the good basis for this new paradigm, however preseent this model is to us.
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<div>3) For Milton (on International organizations) </div>
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<div>The comments above may clarify a bit how the notion of stakeholders apply to international organizations and what concerns "representation".</div>
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<div>Unfortunately, I need to go catch a flight and cannot elaborate now on the issue of organizations, but will come back to it when I can. </div>
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<div>Anyway, you already have enough prose of mine for the moment .... :-)</div>
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<div>Best</div>
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<div>Bertrand </div>
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<div><span class="gmail_quote">On 5/31/07, <b class="gmail_sendername">Karl Auerbach</b> <<a href="mailto:karl@cavebear.com">karl@cavebear.com</a>> wrote:</span></div>
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<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid"><br>I tend to feel rather uncomfortable with your formulation because it<br>doesn't seem to include people.
<br><br>For example, your formulation excludes me.<br><br>As you know, I do not believe that any aggregation - whether we call it<br>a corporation, a government, a "stakeholder", an NGO, or "civil society"
<br>- ought not to have automatic recognition as being anything more than a<br>convenient means for people to aggregate their individual opinions and<br>views.<br><br>It is always useful to hear the opinions expressed via these aggregates.
<br>And it is true that many, perhaps most, people will chose (usually<br>through inaction) to let some aggregate express an opinion on their behalf.<br><br>But when it comes down making choices and measuring "consensus" (or some
<br>other more concrete measure), in other words when it comes to counting<br>noses, we ought to count real noses on real people and not some<br>hypothetical and arbitrary notion that these aggregations actually speak<br>
with authority.<br><br>I see further risk in that this kind of creation of a "multi-stakeholder<br>system" will ossify very quickly into a kind of internet caste system.<br><br>Do we really want the governance of the internet to resemble a medieval
<br>feudal society in which people have rank and authority based on what<br>groups they are in?<br><br> --karl--<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>____________________<br>Bertrand de La Chapelle
<br>Tel : +33 (0)6 11 88 33 32<br><br>"Le plus beau métier des hommes, c'est d'unir les hommes" Antoine de Saint Exupéry<br>("there is no better mission for humans than uniting humans")