<html><head></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><div><div><div>fyi</div></div></div><div><br></div><span id="OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION"><div style="font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; text-align:left; color:black; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span> South Centre <<a href="mailto:south=southcentre.int@mail131.atl21.rsgsv.net">south=southcentre.int@mail131.atl21.rsgsv.net</a>> on behalf of South Centre <<a href="mailto:south@southcentre.int">south@southcentre.int</a>><br><span style="font-weight:bold">Reply-To: </span> South Centre <<a href="mailto:south@southcentre.int">south@southcentre.int</a>><br><span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span> Thursday, August 25, 2016 at 11:12 AM<br><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span> New South Centre Paper: Innovation and the Global Expansion of Intellectual Property Rights: Unfulfilled Promises<br></div><div><br></div><blockquote id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE" style="BORDER-LEFT: #b5c4df 5 solid; PADDING:0 0 0 5; MARGIN:0 0 0 5;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><!-- NAME: 1 COLUMN --><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>New South Centre Paper: Innovation and the Global Expansion of Intellectual Property Rights: Unfulfilled Promises</title>
<style type="text/css">
body,#bodyTable,#bodyCell{
height:100% !important;
margin:0;
padding:0;
width:100% !important;
}
table{
border-collapse:collapse;
}
img,a img{
border:0;
outline:none;
text-decoration:none;
}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
p{
margin:1em 0;
padding:0;
}
a{
word-wrap:break-word;
}
.ReadMsgBody{
width:100%;
}
.ExternalClass{
width:100%;
}
.ExternalClass,.ExternalClass p,.ExternalClass span,.ExternalClass font,.ExternalClass td,.ExternalClass div{
line-height:100%;
}
table,td{
mso-table-lspace:0pt;
mso-table-rspace:0pt;
}
#outlook a{
padding:0;
}
img{
-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic;
}
body,table,td,p,a,li,blockquote{
-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;
-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;
}
#templatePreheader,#templateHeader,#templateBody,#templateFooter{
min-width:100%;
}
#bodyCell{
padding:20px;
}
.mcnImage{
vertical-align:bottom;
}
.mcnTextContent img{
height:auto !important;
}
body,#bodyTable{
background-color:#F2F2F2;
}
#bodyCell{
border-top:0;
}
#templateContainer{
border:0;
}
h1{
color:#000000 !important;
display:block;
font-family:'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;
font-size:40px;
font-style:normal;
font-weight:bold;
line-height:125%;
letter-spacing:-1px;
margin:0;
text-align:left;
}
h2{
color:#000000 !important;
display:block;
font-family:'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;
font-size:26px;
font-style:normal;
font-weight:bold;
line-height:125%;
letter-spacing:-.75px;
margin:0;
text-align:left;
}
h3{
color:#000000 !important;
display:block;
font-family:'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;
font-size:18px;
font-style:normal;
font-weight:bold;
line-height:125%;
letter-spacing:-.5px;
margin:0;
text-align:left;
}
h4{
color:#000000 !important;
display:block;
font-family:'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;
font-size:16px;
font-style:normal;
font-weight:bold;
line-height:125%;
letter-spacing:normal;
margin:0;
text-align:left;
}
#templatePreheader{
background-color:#FFFFFF;
border-top:0;
border-bottom:0;
}
.preheaderContainer .mcnTextContent,.preheaderContainer .mcnTextContent p{
color:#606060;
font-family:'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;
font-size:11px;
line-height:125%;
text-align:left;
}
.preheaderContainer .mcnTextContent a{
color:#606060;
font-weight:normal;
text-decoration:underline;
}
#templateHeader{
background-color:#FFFFFF;
border-top:0;
border-bottom:0;
}
.headerContainer .mcnTextContent,.headerContainer .mcnTextContent p{
color:#000000;
font-family:'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;
font-size:15px;
line-height:150%;
text-align:left;
}
.headerContainer .mcnTextContent a{
color:#6DC6DD;
font-weight:normal;
text-decoration:underline;
}
#templateBody{
background-color:#FFFFFF;
border-top:0;
border-bottom:0;
}
.bodyContainer .mcnTextContent,.bodyContainer .mcnTextContent p{
color:#000000;
font-family:'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;
font-size:16px;
line-height:125%;
text-align:left;
}
.bodyContainer .mcnTextContent a{
color:#6DC6DD;
font-weight:normal;
text-decoration:underline;
}
#templateFooter{
background-color:#FFFFFF;
border-top:0;
border-bottom:0;
}
.footerContainer .mcnTextContent,.footerContainer .mcnTextContent p{
color:#606060;
font-family:'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;
font-size:11px;
line-height:125%;
text-align:left;
}
.footerContainer .mcnTextContent a{
color:#606060;
font-weight:normal;
text-decoration:underline;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
body,table,td,p,a,li,blockquote{
-webkit-text-size-adjust:none !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
body{
width:100% !important;
min-width:100% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[id=bodyCell]{
padding:10px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
table[class=mcnTextContentContainer]{
width:100% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
.mcnBoxedTextContentContainer{
max-width:100% !important;
min-width:100% !important;
width:100% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
table[class=mcpreview-image-uploader]{
width:100% !important;
display:none !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
img[class=mcnImage]{
width:100% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
table[class=mcnImageGroupContentContainer]{
width:100% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnImageGroupContent]{
padding:9px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnImageGroupBlockInner]{
padding-bottom:0 !important;
padding-top:0 !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
tbody[class=mcnImageGroupBlockOuter]{
padding-bottom:9px !important;
padding-top:9px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
table[class=mcnCaptionTopContent],table[class=mcnCaptionBottomContent]{
width:100% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
table[class=mcnCaptionLeftTextContentContainer],table[class=mcnCaptionRightTextContentContainer],table[class=mcnCaptionLeftImageContentContainer],table[class=mcnCaptionRightImageContentContainer],table[class=mcnImageCardLeftTextContentContainer],table[class=mcnImageCardRightTextContentContainer]{
width:100% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnImageCardLeftImageContent],td[class=mcnImageCardRightImageContent]{
padding-right:18px !important;
padding-left:18px !important;
padding-bottom:0 !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnImageCardBottomImageContent]{
padding-bottom:9px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnImageCardTopImageContent]{
padding-top:18px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnImageCardLeftImageContent],td[class=mcnImageCardRightImageContent]{
padding-right:18px !important;
padding-left:18px !important;
padding-bottom:0 !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnImageCardBottomImageContent]{
padding-bottom:9px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnImageCardTopImageContent]{
padding-top:18px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
table[class=mcnCaptionLeftContentOuter] td[class=mcnTextContent],table[class=mcnCaptionRightContentOuter] td[class=mcnTextContent]{
padding-top:9px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnCaptionBlockInner] table[class=mcnCaptionTopContent]:last-child td[class=mcnTextContent]{
padding-top:18px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnBoxedTextContentColumn]{
padding-left:18px !important;
padding-right:18px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=mcnTextContent]{
padding-right:18px !important;
padding-left:18px !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
table[id=templateContainer],table[id=templatePreheader],table[id=templateHeader],table[id=templateBody],table[id=templateFooter]{
max-width:600px !important;
width:100% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
h1{
font-size:24px !important;
line-height:125% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
h2{
font-size:20px !important;
line-height:125% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
h3{
font-size:18px !important;
line-height:125% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
h4{
font-size:16px !important;
line-height:125% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
table[class=mcnBoxedTextContentContainer] td[class=mcnTextContent],td[class=mcnBoxedTextContentContainer] td[class=mcnTextContent] p{
font-size:18px !important;
line-height:125% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
table[id=templatePreheader]{
display:block !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=preheaderContainer] td[class=mcnTextContent],td[class=preheaderContainer] td[class=mcnTextContent] p{
font-size:14px !important;
line-height:115% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=headerContainer] td[class=mcnTextContent],td[class=headerContainer] td[class=mcnTextContent] p{
font-size:18px !important;
line-height:125% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=bodyContainer] td[class=mcnTextContent],td[class=bodyContainer] td[class=mcnTextContent] p{
font-size:18px !important;
line-height:125% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=footerContainer] td[class=mcnTextContent],td[class=footerContainer] td[class=mcnTextContent] p{
font-size:14px !important;
line-height:115% !important;
}
} @media only screen and (max-width: 480px){
td[class=footerContainer] a[class=utilityLink]{
display:block !important;
}
}</style>
<div leftmargin="0" marginwidth="0" topmargin="0" marginheight="0" offset="0" style="margin: 0;padding: 0;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;background-color: #F2F2F2;height: 100% !important;width: 100% !important;">
<center>
<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="100%" width="100%" id="bodyTable" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;margin: 0;padding: 0;background-color: #F2F2F2;height: 100% !important;width: 100% !important;">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center" valign="top" id="bodyCell" style="mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;margin: 0;padding: 20px;border-top: 0;height: 100% !important;width: 100% !important;">
<!-- BEGIN TEMPLATE // -->
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" id="templateContainer" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;border: 0;">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center" valign="top" style="mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<!-- BEGIN PREHEADER // -->
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" id="templatePreheader" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%;background-color: #FFFFFF;border-top: 0;border-bottom: 0;">
<tbody><tr>
<td valign="top" class="preheaderContainer" style="padding-top: 9px;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><table class="mcnTextBlock" style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody class="mcnTextBlockOuter">
<tr>
<td class="mcnTextBlockInner" style="padding-top: 9px;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" valign="top">
<!--[if mso]>
<table align="left" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100%;">
<tr>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td valign="top" width="390" style="width:390px;">
<![endif]-->
<table style="max-width: 390px;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" class="mcnTextContentContainer" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mcnTextContent" style="padding: 0px 18px 9px;color: #000000;font-family: "Times New Roman",Times,Baskerville,Georgia,serif;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;font-size: 11px;line-height: 125%;text-align: left;" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td valign="top" width="210" style="width:210px;">
<![endif]-->
<table style="max-width: 210px;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" class="mcnTextContentContainer" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mcnTextContent" style="padding: 0px 18px 9px;color: #000000;font-family: "Times New Roman",Times,Baskerville,Georgia,serif;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;font-size: 11px;line-height: 125%;text-align: left;" valign="top">
<a href="http://us5.campaign-archive1.com/?u=fa9cf38799136b5660f367ba6&id=c5287cafe1&e=d76b691b81" target="_blank" style="word-wrap: break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #606060;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">View this email in your browser</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><table class="mcnTextBlock" style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody class="mcnTextBlockOuter">
<tr>
<td class="mcnTextBlockInner" style="padding-top: 9px;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" valign="top">
<!--[if mso]>
<table align="left" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100%;">
<tr>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td valign="top" width="600" style="width:600px;">
<![endif]-->
<table style="max-width: 100%;min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" class="mcnTextContentContainer" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mcnTextContent" style="padding: 0px 18px 9px;color: #000000;font-family: "Times New Roman",Times,Baskerville,Georgia,serif;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;font-size: 11px;line-height: 125%;text-align: left;" valign="top">
<h3 class="null" style="margin: 0;padding: 0;display: block;font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;font-size: 18px;font-style: normal;font-weight: bold;line-height: 125%;letter-spacing: -.5px;text-align: left;color: #000000 !important;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,baskerville,georgia,serif"><em>Announcing a New Research Paper from the South Centre</em></span></h3>
<h2 class="null" style="text-align: center;margin: 0;padding: 0;display: block;font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;font-size: 26px;font-style: normal;font-weight: bold;line-height: 125%;letter-spacing: -.75px;color: #000000 !important;"><strong>Innovation and the Global Expansion of Intellectual Property Rights: Unfulfilled Promises</strong></h2>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!-- // END PREHEADER -->
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="top" style="mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<!-- BEGIN HEADER // -->
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" id="templateHeader" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%;background-color: #FFFFFF;border-top: 0;border-bottom: 0;">
<tbody><tr>
<td valign="top" class="headerContainer" style="mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><table class="mcnCaptionBlock" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<tbody class="mcnCaptionBlockOuter">
<tr>
<td class="mcnCaptionBlockInner" style="padding: 9px;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" valign="top"><table class="mcnCaptionRightContentOuter" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mcnCaptionRightContentInner" style="padding: 0 9px;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" valign="top">
<table class="mcnCaptionRightImageContentContainer" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mcnCaptionRightImageContent" valign="top" style="mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<img alt="" src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/fa9cf38799136b5660f367ba6/images/09ca72d3-6771-4fec-8c91-c3c6691ed5b9.jpg" style="max-width: 445px;border: 0;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;vertical-align: bottom;" class="mcnImage" width="176">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="mcnCaptionRightTextContentContainer" align="right" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="352" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="color: #000000;font-size: 16px;line-height: 125%;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;text-align: left;" class="mcnTextContent" valign="top">
<div style="text-align: left;"><br><span style="font-size:16px">South Centre Research Paper No. 70<br><br>
August 2016<br><br>
24 pages<br><br>
English<br><br>
ISSN 1819-6926</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!-- // END HEADER -->
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="top" style="mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<!-- BEGIN BODY // -->
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" id="templateBody" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%;background-color: #FFFFFF;border-top: 0;border-bottom: 0;">
<tbody><tr>
<td valign="top" class="bodyContainer" style="mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><table class="mcnTextBlock" style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody class="mcnTextBlockOuter">
<tr>
<td class="mcnTextBlockInner" style="padding-top: 9px;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" valign="top">
<!--[if mso]>
<table align="left" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100%;">
<tr>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td valign="top" width="600" style="width:600px;">
<![endif]-->
<table style="max-width: 100%;min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" class="mcnTextContentContainer" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mcnTextContent" style="padding: 0px 18px 9px;color: #000000;font-family: "Times New Roman",Times,Baskerville,Georgia,serif;line-height: 125%;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;font-size: 16px;text-align: left;" valign="top">
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br>
The South Centre recently published Research Paper No. 70: <strong>"Innovation and the Global Expansion of Intellectual Property Rights: Unfulfilled Promises</strong><strong><em>," </em></strong>authored by Carlos M. Correa.
<p style="margin: 1em 0;padding: 0;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #000000;font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;font-size: 16px;line-height: 125%;text-align: left;">The incorporation of intellectual property into trade agreements has not proven to bring about the promised benefits. The premises that have underpinned the global strengthening and expansion of intellectual property through such agreements – namely that the same standards of protection are suitable for countries with different levels of development and that innovation will be boosted – do not match the reality.</p><p style="margin: 1em 0;padding: 0;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #000000;font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;font-size: 16px;line-height: 125%;text-align: left;">The effects of high standards of protection – as those mandated under the TRIPS Agreement and further extended under FTAs – have been critically examined in the developed countries themselves: “[i]ntellectual property is …a social contrivance purportedly designed to increase welfare, by supposedly enhancing innovation (though… it may actually have exactly the opposite effect)”. If intellectual property does not work in developed countries as generally described by their proponents, the situation can only be worse in developing countries with weak science and technological infrastructures, scarcity of risk capital and unsophisticated production profiles. These countries are currently paying the price of a system which primarily serves as a platform to extract rents (in the form of royalty payments and high prices) and which does little to promote local innovation and economic development.</p><p style="margin: 1em 0;padding: 0;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #000000;font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;font-size: 16px;line-height: 125%;text-align: left;">The scenario for innovation in the pharmaceutical sector clearly illustrates that the conception underpinning the TRIPS Agreement was flawed from a global perspective. The rate of innovation has not increased, rather, it has declined and while developing countries struggle with high prices for medicines, R&D necessary to address their particular health needs continues to be marginalized.</p>
To access the research paper directly, go to this webpage: <a href="http://southcentre.us5.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=fa9cf38799136b5660f367ba6&id=af99ed0c25&e=d76b691b81" target="_blank" style="word-wrap: break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #6DC6DD;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">http://www.southcentre.int/research-paper-70-august-2016/</a><br><br>
To access the South Centre website, where you can also find other research papers, publications and news items, go to this webpage: <a href="http://southcentre.us5.list-manage.com/track/click?u=fa9cf38799136b5660f367ba6&id=e863d800bb&e=d76b691b81" style="word-wrap: break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #6DC6DD;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">http://www.southcentre.int</a> .<br>
<br><br><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,baskerville,georgia,serif"> <br><strong>South Centre</strong><br>
Chemin du Champ d’Anier 17<br>
PO Box 228<br>
1211 Geneva 19<br>
Switzerland<br>
Telephone: (41 22) 791 8050<br>
Fax: (41 22) 798 8531<br>
Email: <a href="mailto:south@southcentre.int" style="word-wrap: break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #6DC6DD;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">south@southcentre.int</a></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!-- // END BODY -->
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="top" style="mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<!-- BEGIN FOOTER // -->
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" id="templateFooter" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%;background-color: #FFFFFF;border-top: 0;border-bottom: 0;">
<tbody><tr>
<td valign="top" class="footerContainer" style="padding-bottom: 9px;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><table class="mcnTextBlock" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<tbody class="mcnTextBlockOuter">
<tr>
<td class="mcnTextBlockInner" valign="top" style="mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<table class="mcnTextContentContainer" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mcnTextContent" style="padding-top: 9px;padding-right: 18px;padding-bottom: 9px;padding-left: 18px;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #606060;font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, Baskerville, Georgia, serif;font-size: 11px;line-height: 125%;text-align: left;" valign="top">
<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,baskerville,georgia,serif"><em>Copyright © 2016 South Centre, All rights reserved.</em><br>
You are receiving this email because you subscribed to South Centre e-newsletters.<br><br><a class="utilityLink" href="http://southcentre.us5.list-manage.com/unsubscribe?u=fa9cf38799136b5660f367ba6&id=a9121b95dc&e=d76b691b81&c=c5287cafe1" style="word-wrap: break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #606060;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">unsubscribe from this list</a> <a class="utilityLink" href="http://southcentre.us5.list-manage2.com/profile?u=fa9cf38799136b5660f367ba6&id=a9121b95dc&e=d76b691b81" style="word-wrap: break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #606060;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">update subscription preferences</a></span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!-- // END FOOTER -->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!-- // END TEMPLATE -->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
<img src="http://southcentre.us5.list-manage.com/track/open.php?u=fa9cf38799136b5660f367ba6&id=c5287cafe1&e=d76b691b81" height="1" width="1"></div></div></blockquote></span></body></html>