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Dear Andrew and all<br>
<br>
I have only now had a chance to peruse this analysis, and am reading
it more closely now. Thank you for all this work on our behalf;
having the survey results is a welcome addition to all our thinking
in any case but having this analysis will provide a launchpad I hope
for further discussion on this and other lists.<br>
<br>
Hopefully this thread can emerge as people have time to consider the
outcomes. Back on that in due course!<br>
<br>
Cheers<br>
MF<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 13/01/2014 16:08, Andrew Puddephatt
wrote:<br>
</div>
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<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Thanks
Parminder<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:7.0pt;line-height:115%;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Andrew
Puddephatt</span></b><b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-US">
</span></b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-US">|
</span><b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">GLOBAL
PARTNERS</span></b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">
DIGITAL<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
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style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Executive
Director</span><span
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style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Development
House, 56–64 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4LT<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F">T:
+44 (0)20 7549 0336 | M: +44 (0)771 339 9597 | Skype:
andrewpuddephatt</span><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F"><br>
<b>gp-digital.org</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext"
lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext"
lang="EN-US"> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:bestbits-request@lists.bestbits.net">bestbits-request@lists.bestbits.net</a>
[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:bestbits-request@lists.bestbits.net">mailto:bestbits-request@lists.bestbits.net</a>] <b>On
Behalf Of </b>parminder<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 13 January 2014 13:44<br>
<b>To:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:bestbits@lists.bestbits.net">bestbits@lists.bestbits.net</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [bestbits] substantive proposals for
Brazil summit - IG governance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Thanks
Andrew, a very important work..<br>
<br>
Would comment later, but yes, it is this kind of clear
positions on what one seeks that it needed at this stage. <br>
<br>
(Of course I do not agree with a good part of the analysis
and conclusions/ outcomes :), and would engage in detail
soon.)<br>
<br>
parminder </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On Monday 13 January 2014 05:35 PM,
Andrew Puddephatt wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">Shortly before Xmas Global Partners
Digital and Article 19 met to look at the responses to the
survey monkey I sent out in November. Taking advantage of
the presence of other groups in Geneva earlier the same
week, we managed to bring in representatives from CDT,
CTS/FGV, Access, and Internet Democracy Project. The
results of our conversation are set out below and in a word
attachment. Drawing upon the responses to the survey and
other reading (listed at the end of the document) we looked
at:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo2"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The case for reform<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo2"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Possible criteria for
reforming IG governance<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo2"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->An evaluation of the
different proposals for reform<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo2"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Preliminary
conclusions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Our main preliminary conclusion was,
after considering the criteria we set out for an IG system,
that a <u>dispersed system of governance</u> has more
benefits and fewer risks than a centralised system of
governance. We go on to conclude in favour of maintaining a
distributed governance regime, but that it should be
strengthened through improving the IGF, introducing a new
coordinating function and a process for ad hoc
issue-specific multistakeholder working groups to deal with
new issues. We also agreed that reforms were needed in order
to globalise oversight at ICANN, but more research is needed
about the options and risks here. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It is going to be a complex process to
try and co-ordinate a response from then list. To simplify
things I suggest that people submit three categories of
comments.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1. There will be those who fundamentally
disagree with the approach put forward. I suggest that they
develop their own approach find their own collaborators and
work on their own ideas. May a hundred flowers bloom.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2. Those who broadly agree but who have
substantive comments to make which require further
discussion. I will then collect these put together an
online conference call or some other mechanism to discuss
then in a structured fashion.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3. Those who broadly agree but have
preferences for different phrasing etc. but who can live
with the differences. These I will collect and try and
resolve through e-mail conversation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We’ve spent a lot of energy on the
question of representation so it would be good to focus on
what it is we would say if we were represented. And
although we should aim to submit something to Brazil by
March 1<sup>st</sup>, this position is one we can develop
and utilise in other forums. If you have other suggestins
on how to pull together different comments, do let me know.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Andrew Puddephatt<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><u><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">Internet Governance:
proposals for reform </span></u></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">***Contributors: Access, Article
19, CDT, CTS/FGV, GPD, Internet Democracy Project*** </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">In an effort to work towards a
joint civil society proposal for internet governance
reform - with the aim of feeding into the upcoming
Brazilian Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of
Internet Governance and other relevant forums – Global
Partners Digital and Article 19 coordinated a small group
of civil society organisations.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">In order to brainstorm and report
back as clearly as possible, the group worked through four
stages in considering both the Best Bits survey responses
and the most prominent civil society proposals for
reforming the IG institutional framework that the
contributors were aware of: </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1
level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">What is the case for reform of IG
and do we have a common understanding of what the problems
with the existing arrangements are?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1
level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">If there is a case for reform
what are the criteria for a reformed system of IG that
should be applied, assuming we have a basic commitment to
human rights and social justice? </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1
level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">How do the various proposals for
reform stack up against these criteria – what are their
strengths and weaknesses and what potential risks and
benefits.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1
level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">What are the crucial elements of
a reformed IG system and what are those which we desire
but would be willing to compromise around. Considering the
previous questions, is there a rough consensus among the
group present that we could share with the wider BB
community to enrich the approach? </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The below draft represents a
summary of the group analysis and discussion. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">1) Case for reform</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Reviewing and building on the
survey responses, the group identified the following
criticisms of the current IG arrangements: </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There is an imbalance of power
with many people and groups, particularly from the global
south, feeling marginalised.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There is insufficient diversity
of voices, including gender and language.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Development issues, as set out in
the original Tunis Agenda, have not been adequately
tackled.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The IGF has not satisfactorily
delivered on all elements of its mandate. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Multistakeholderism remains
poorly defined which creates difficulty in its
implementation and evaluation. The term is seen to be
increasingly used as a cover by those resisting change. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There are jurisdictional issues
which remain unresolved. This also often leaves powerful
ICT companies to take important human rights/public
interest decisions. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There is an absence of forums
where jurisdictional issues or global public policies
relating to the internet can be thrashed out. This means
governments are falling back on different national laws
and technical responses which encroach on the global and
distributed functioning of the internet.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Furthermore because of the issues
with the current regime, many governments are
pursuing/establishing separate international initiatives
to tackle important issues (such as cybersecurity) which
are not sufficiently transparent, open, multi-stakeholder
or global. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Some governments are increasingly
asserting a doctrine of “state sovereignty” on the global
internet. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There is a lack of clarity about
how or where decisions are made – there is a plurality of
forums with unclear relationships between them. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The internet is unusual as a
communication tool, it has developed from the beginning as
an international medium, and its international character
and the benefits of free expression and access to
information that it brings need to be preserved. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There is a unique property to the
internet that requires global cooperation and coordination
to make it effective.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">2) Criteria for Internet
Governance </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">NB - The group recognised that
there was an overlap with the BB second Workstream looking
at high level principles. The current suggested baseline
for Workstream 2 are the Brazilian CGI.br principles.
Depending on the outcome of Workstream 2, there could be
potential to unite around a core set of principles. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">After some discussion, the group
set out criteria that they felt were an essential element
of any democratic international governance system. The aim
was to find criteria that could apply to any system of
international governance rather than looking for criteria
that only applied to the internet – in order to avoid the
pitfalls of “internet exceptionalism”. Rather, in a
globalised world, where there are generally very weak
lines of accountability between a government's positions
on the international stage and its electorate back at
home, open international spaces with broad-based
participation can be important opportunities for bringing
international decisions much closer to citizens across the
world. In this context, the group found that the
international IG regime, if developed appropriately, could
have implications for wider international governance
systems (beyond the Internet). The group recognised that
these criteria are aspirational and that any proposed
reform would probably not meet all the criteria.
Nonetheless it was found that they provide a useful
framework for assessing any proposed changes. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The following mutually-supporting
criteria were found necessary for the governance of
complex global phenomena: </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">a)</span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <b>Processes</b> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6
level1 lfo8;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Transparent and comprehensible:
it should be possible for anyone to understand how it
works and how things happen/decisions are made; </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6
level1 lfo8;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Accountable: internal and
external accountability process should exist, including a
way of challenging decisions; </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6
level1 lfo8;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Effective: in that it can deliver
whatever it is meant to deliver </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6
level1 lfo8;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Adaptable: so that it can take
account of new innovations and developments in the field.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">b) Participation</span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4
level1 lfo10;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Inclusive and open: not be a
small exclusive club, but open to many. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4
level1 lfo10;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">All necessary points of view are
included in order to arrive at good decisions/agreements </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4
level1 lfo10;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Possessing the necessary
expertise to make informed decisions </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4
level1 lfo10;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Meaningful participation: anybody
affected by decision should be able to impact upon
decision-making processes. The group recognised that this
would likely involve mechanisms for consensus based
decision making. But where consensus was not possible
there may need to be alternative supplementary frameworks,
such as decision-making by majority vote. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">c) Underlying Values</span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3
level1 lfo12;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Human rights values should be at
the core of any governance process and outcomes. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3
level1 lfo12;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Driven by global public interest
(motivated by an understanding of the internet as a global
public good). </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">3) Evaluating Proposals for
Reform </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The next stage was to look at
various suggested reforms to the current system, drawn
from the survey and other sources. The list of models
analysed below is not exhaustive. Please forgive the
brevity and crudeness of the model titles and their
descriptions - they are indicative only. More details
about the proposals can be found in the sources listed at
the end of the document.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div style="border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt
1.0pt 4.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">UN Committee Model</span></u></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Model proposed by the Indian
government for a new UN Committee made up of 50 member
states, with four advisory committees made up of
different stakeholder groups. The Committee would have
mandate over global internet-related public policy
issues, and oversight of the technical bodies. IT for
Change has also promoted this model with the exception
that oversight of the technical bodies would reside in
a separate Technical Oversight and Advisory Board
formed of technical experts nominated by governments.</span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">Multi-stakeholder
Internet Policy Council (as proposed by Jeremy
Malcolm)</span></u></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">A new
multi-stakeholder internet policy council (MIPC) under
the auspices of the IGF. MIPC would be made up of
equal numbers from civil society, private sector,
government and technical/academic communities, and
observers from international organisations). The MIPC
would take up issues forwarded to it by rough
consensus in IGF plenaries. The MIPC would attempt to
agree, by rough consensus, an IGF recommendation on
that issue. The recommendations would be non-binding,
but could call for the development of binding rules by
other institutions where appropriate, which would
generally be at the national level. </span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US"> </span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">Multi-stakeholder
Internet Policy Council (as proposed by Wolfgang
Kleinwachter)</span></u></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">A new
multi-stakeholder internet policy council (MIPOC)
attached to the IGF. MIPOC could be composed similarly
to the WG on Enhanced Cooperation. The MIPOC would be
a coordinating body – identifying issues raised at the
IGF and recommending an appropriate mechanism to
address those issues, either a pre-existing mechanism
(e.g. an intergovernmental organisation, a technical
organisation, a combination) or a new one. New
mechanisms could be ad hoc multistakeholder working
groups with mandates to address specific issues by
rough consensus. </span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US"> </span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">Distributed
Multi-stakeholder Processes Model (as proposed by
Internet Democracy Project)</span></u></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""
lang="EN-US">This model also envisions a coordinating
body on the lines of the MIPOC model above, however
the coordinating body would be housed in the CSTD
instead of the IGF. The function of the IGF would in
this model be one of a clearing house only. In
addition, this model suggests that, where possible,
the WSIS action lines should be taken as a guideline
for deciding which pre-existing institution has a
mandate covering a specific internet issue. Once an
appropriate institution is identified, this
institution would then be responsible for developing
an appropriate multi-stakeholder process to respond to
that issue.</span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US"> </span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">Self-forming
multi-stakeholder issue processes (as demonstrated
by Internet & Jurisdiction Project) </span></u></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">Processes can
self-create to develop voluntary solutions to specific
internet issues. Similarly to the model for adoption
of technical standards: the better a solution the more
likely it is to be adopted. For higher likelihood of
voluntary adoption, these processes should involve
experts and powerful players, such as key governments.
However, the Internet & Jurisdiction Project’s
model appears to be more of a ‘proof of concept’ that
could feasibly be institutionalized within one of the
models outlined above. </span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US"> </span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Looking at the UN Committee model
and applying the criteria above, the model has real
strengths in the clarity of process and therefore enabling
anyone to understand how it works and how things
happen/decisions are made. It could also meet the
effectiveness criteria in terms of coming up with detailed
policy recommendations. On the other hand, its proposed
mandate seemed very broad and more clarification is needed
about potential clashes with existing mandates, such as
that of the ITU or UNESCO. As a UN Committee with a
central role for governments, and based on experience of
similar bodies, there is a real risk it would be dominated
by geo-political interests. As a single body with
oversight – potentially – of all public policy issues
related to the internet, the group felt there was a risk
that the body would not have the requisite expertise to
make informed decisions across all issues. While it could
draw upon the work of advisory groups, it was unclear how
they would be composed and whether any fixed group of
people would have the capability to tackle a wide range of
policy issues. The advisory nature of the stakeholder
groups would also create risks that those impacted by
decisions would not necessarily be able to help shape
them. Furthermore there was a question over the
feasibility (time-wise) of a single group responding to
all issues, particularly as it is envisaged meeting just a
few times per year. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Other proposals for reform, while
varied in their level of centralisation, suggest a greater
role for non-governmental stakeholder groups. All of these
models seem to envision the IGF playing a more or less
central role as a clearing house for identifying issues
which need tackling and for each issue process to inform,
engage and be accountable to a wider Internet community.
One advantage of these models was seen to be the
possibility for enabling pathways from the national
through regional to global level discussion and back down
by tying all processes to a wider discussion at the IGFs.
Another advantage was seen to be that building on the
strengths of the IGF could foster openness, inclusivity
and accountability to the wider internet community. There
were, however, concerns given that the IGF hasn’t
satisfactorily delivered on all elements of its mandate.
For example, should the MIPC/MIPOC models derive their
mandate and agenda from IGF discussions – this would
require a more output-oriented IGF. Thus, improving the
IGF was seen as critical to instituting these models. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A key feature of most of the
above models, which the group strongly supported, was the
introduction of a new coordinating function in the current
internet governance regime. The multi-stakeholder makeup
of the coordinating body was also strongly supported by
the group. The advantage of these models was seen to be
the fact that they would provide greater clarity (compared
to the current situation) about how public policy issues
are addressed. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">In looking at these models, they
also all maintain a distributed approach where many
institutions are involved in different aspects of
internet-related public policy. The group specifically
supported the concept of maintaining/instituting separate
processes for separate issues for several reasons.
Distributing power was seen as protection against
power-grabs, which many saw as the main concern with the
more centralised approach in the </span>UN Committee
model <span style="font-size:12.0pt">– and to a lesser
extent Jeremy’s MIPC model. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A distributed model was seen as
having the advantage of drawing in expertise as necessary
based on the issue at hand, and of being more dynamic and
adaptable given the fast-changing internet environment.
However, a degree of institutionalisation of any
distributed model was seen to be essential to counteract
power imbalances. For example, self-forming
multi-stakeholder processes are likely to disadvantage
those without power and resources.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There were, however, questions
about the effectiveness of the distributed models as they
retain some of the challenges of the current regime. The
UN Committee model was more similar to existing governance
frameworks making it easier to understand. The other
models involve new and innovative ways of working. The
group felt that the Internet & Jurisdiction project
may be a useful test bed for the modalities of such an
approach.<s> </s></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">4) Existing Institutions</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The group looked at a strand of
suggestions around sustaining the current structures,
particularly the IGF and ICANN, but reforming them to an
extent that would allow issues with the current system to
be sufficiently addressed. NB these reforms could happen
alongside the ideas above considering the overall
governance regime.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">IGF </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The group looked at proposals for
improving the IGF (see list of sources below). There were
a number of areas where necessary reforms were identified:
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Providing stronger leadership;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A better funded and supported
secretariat;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Stronger links between the IGF
(and discussions at the IGF) and all spaces involved in
the dispersed internet governance system;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Clearing house function;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">More output-orientated; </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Connecting the global annual IGF
to a more structured series of national and regional IGFs
to ensure that this is a clear path for issues of concern
raised at a national and regional level finding their way
to global consideration and back down to the regional and
national levels;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Widening participation (esp.
unrepresented e.g. global south governments and civil
society, high level policy-makers, staff of all
institutions involved in internet-related policy making,
small to medium businesses);</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo14;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Reforming the Multistakeholder
Advisory Group.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">ICANN </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">In the case of ICANN, the group
felt that globalising ICANN (including removing the
privilege of the US which was seen as important though
largely symbolic) remains an issue to be resolved as it
might involve both location and structure. However, the
group felt that it was necessary to examine closely the
different options - and timeframes - for doing so in order
to determine their potential risks and suggest appropriate
solutions. Article 19 agreed to co-ordinate further work
on this issue.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">5) Preliminary conclusions </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">From the response to the survey
and by analysing various alternative models using the
criteria set out above, there seems to be potential to
come to a rough consensus combining a number of ideas
commanding broad support among civil society. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Dispersed vs. centralised</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A key point was whether a single
decision making space would be more appropriate versus a
dispersed system whereby the right kind of expertise could
be assembled issue by issue. A centralised system could be
easier to navigate but a dispersed system had fewer risks
for political or corporate capture and enabled issue-based
expertise (including from civil society) to engage on
specific issues. <b>On balance we felt the risk/benefit
of both approaches weighed more on the side of a
dispersed model of governance</b>. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Broad participation & role
of reformed IGF</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Another key point of agreement
was in looking for ways to involve as broad as possible
communities in internet governance. The IGF was seen as an
important space for achieving this. For instance, a
reformed IGF could act as a central space for learning
about and feeding into all internet-related public
policies within a dispersed system. <b>The reform could
entail: a stronger leadership, a better supported
secretariat, stronger links between the IGF and all
other internet-related policy-making spaces, a strong
link to national and regional IGFs, more
output-orientated, widening participation and reforming
the MAG.</b> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A new co-ordinating function</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There was general interest in the
idea of creating a new coordinating function to facilitate
the coherence and effectiveness of internet-related policy
making within a distributed model. All agreed that the
coordinating group should be multi-stakeholder but there
was no decision on where that group should be constituted
(e.g. at the CSTD or attached to the IGF). <b>A new
coordinating function is needed. More discussion is
needed about the form, location and processes by which
that function is exercised. </b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Issue-specific multistakeholder
working groups </span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">When a new issue arises that
needs a policy response, there was broad agreement that
these should be resolved through ad hoc multi-stakeholder
working groups were developed to deal with specific
issues. There wasn’t a decision yet on where/how those
working groups should be formed (i.e. by different
institutions with mandate over different issues, by a
working group tied to CSTD, by a working group tied to
IGF). Also, on decision making there was broad agreement
that the groups would ideally work by consensus with the
option to shift to another process where necessary and
appropriate (including multilateral processes, e.g. to
draft a treaty). <b>New internet policy issues should be
dealt with through ad hoc multi-stakeholder working
groups which are issue specific.</b> <b>More discussion
is needed about the form, location and processes of
those multi-stakeholder working groups.</b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">ICANN reform</span></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A reformed ICANN – details to
be worked on further.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">6) List of Sources</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://internetdemocracy.in/reports/a-third-way-proposal-for-a-decentralised-democratic-internet-governance-involving-all-stakeholders/"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://internetdemocracy.in/reports/a-third-way-proposal-for-a-decentralised-democratic-internet-governance-involving-all-stakeholders/</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.internetjurisdiction.net/"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.internetjurisdiction.net/</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.itforchange.net/sites/default/files/ITfC/%20%20Dev%20agenda%20in%20IG%20200412.pdf"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.itforchange.net/sites/default/files/ITfC/%20%20Dev%20agenda%20in%20IG%20200412.pdf</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/india-statement-un-cirp"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/india-statement-un-cirp</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/india-to-push-for-freeing-internet-from-us-control/article5434095.ece?homepage=true"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/india-to-push-for-freeing-internet-from-us-control/article5434095.ece?homepage=true</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.intgovforum.org/contributions/IETF-as-model.pdf"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.intgovforum.org/contributions/IETF-as-model.pdf</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/a67d65_en.pdf"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/a67d65_en.pdf</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://unctad.org/Sections/un_cstd/docs/cstd2011d22_Major_EN.pdf"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://unctad.org/Sections/un_cstd/docs/cstd2011d22_Major_EN.pdf</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://bestbits.net/notes-on-an-igf-plus/"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://bestbits.net/notes-on-an-igf-plus/</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.internetgovernance.org/2013/10/16/a-blueprint-for-the-future-oversight-of-icann/"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.internetgovernance.org/2013/10/16/a-blueprint-for-the-future-oversight-of-icann/</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://igfwatch.org/discussion-board/my-proposal-to-the-cstd-working-group-on-enhanced-cooperation#-8xHg3pRMAMtJ2UVoZcsOg"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://igfwatch.org/discussion-board/my-proposal-to-the-cstd-working-group-on-enhanced-cooperation#-8xHg3pRMAMtJ2UVoZcsOg</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.diplomacy.edu/sites/default/files/May%202013%20IG%20webinar%20PDF%20-%20Dr%20Jeremy%20Malcolm.pdf"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.diplomacy.edu/sites/default/files/May%202013%20IG%20webinar%20PDF%20-%20Dr%20Jeremy%20Malcolm.pdf</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://unctad.org/en/Pages/CSTD/WGEC-Responses.aspx"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://unctad.org/en/Pages/CSTD/WGEC-Responses.aspx</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:7.0pt;line-height:115%;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Andrew
Puddephatt</span></b><b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-US">
</span></b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-US">|
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style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">GLOBAL
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<p class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height:115%;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Executive
Director</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height:115%;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Development
House, 56–64 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4LT</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F">T:
+44 (0)20 7549 0336 | M: +44 (0)771 339 9597 | Skype:
andrewpuddephatt</span><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F"><br>
<b>gp-digital.org</b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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