<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div>These are a lightly recycled version of my earlier comments which were given off-list. I may have further comments to make based on others' responses. Oh, and first up, great work on this!</div><div><br></div>On 13 Jan 2014, at 8:05 pm, Andrew Puddephatt <<a href="mailto:Andrew@gp-digital.org">Andrew@gp-digital.org</a>> wrote:<br><div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div lang="EN-GB" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Reviewing and building on the survey responses, the group identified the following criticisms of the current IG arrangements:</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">There is an imbalance of power with many people and groups, particularly from the global south, feeling marginalised.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">There is insufficient diversity of voices, including gender and language.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Development issues, as set out in the original Tunis Agenda, have not been adequately tackled.</span></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;">Careful here. The Tunis Agenda sets out a separate process on ICTs for development, but this should not be confused with the parts of the Tunis Agenda on Internet governance arrangements. In the WSIS+10 process the Internet governance aspects have been explicitly separated out and I think this was a good idea.</div></div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div lang="EN-GB" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The IGF has not satisfactorily delivered on all elements of its mandate.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Multistakeholderism remains poorly defined which creates difficulty in its implementation and evaluation. The term is seen to be increasingly used as a cover by those resisting change.</span></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;">My earlier feedback on this which has been partly addressed above, so I will restate my remarks with slightly more brevity. Although the stakeholder groups and the roles assigned to them aren't perfect as currently practised, conceptually multi-stakeholderism serves an important function, where every stakeholder contributes its own legitimacy to the process. This includes but goes beyond the benefits of transparency and accountability that openness and inclusiveness bring (and which are also found in other open processes like those of the IETF that are not truly multi-stakeholder).</div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;">Explicitly multi-stakeholder processes allow us to compensate for the power imbalances that exist between the stakeholder groups, which mere open processes do not do. Separation between the stakeholder groups is also intrinsic to many of the concrete mechanisms that can be used for decision-making between groups who have widely divergent interests. To the extent that we are tempted to blur the distinction between multi-stakeholderism and openness, I would caution against this and suggest that we need to better communicate the theoretical basis for multi-stakeholderism and how it adds to the legitimacy and effectiveness of the process in ways that mere openness does not.</div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;">Anyway this does not require any specific amendment to the text that you now have above.</div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><blockquote id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE" style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri; border-left-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-left-width: 5px; border-left-style: solid; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 5px; position: static; z-index: auto;"><div lang="EN-GB" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">There are jurisdictional issues which remain unresolved. This also often leaves powerful ICT companies to take important human rights/public interest decisions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">There is an absence of forums where jurisdictional issues or global public policies relating to the internet can be thrashed out. This means governments are falling back on different national laws and technical responses which encroach on the global and distributed functioning of the internet.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Furthermore because of the issues with the current regime, many governments are pursuing/establishing separate international initiatives to tackle important issues (such as cybersecurity) which are not sufficiently transparent, open, multi-stakeholder or global.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Some governments are increasingly asserting a doctrine of “state sovereignty” on the global internet.</span></div></div></div></blockquote><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><div><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">If it were me, I would put these four points first.</span></div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><blockquote id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE" style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri; border-left-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-left-width: 5px; border-left-style: solid; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 5px; position: static; z-index: auto;"><div><div lang="EN-GB" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The following mutually-supporting criteria were found necessary for the governance of complex global phenomena:</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 5pt 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <b>Processes</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Transparent and comprehensible: it should be possible for anyone to understand how it works and how things happen/decisions are made;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Accountable: internal and external accountability process should exist, including a way of challenging decisions;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Effective: in that it can deliver whatever it is meant to deliver<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Adaptable: so that it can take account of new innovations and developments in the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 5pt 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 5pt 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">b) Participation</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Inclusive and open: not be a small exclusive club, but open to many.</span></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;">I have some reservations about "many". Perhaps I would add one word at the end of this: "perspectives". It is not necessarily helpful or practical to have many unaffiliated individuals around the table, though there should be mechanisms for their perspectives to be represented through whatever legitimate channels they can present them (eg. governments, civil society organisations, companies from markets in which they participate). Some structure is important. If governance mechanisms are too open, the result is dysfunction and/or capture. Remember the criterion "effective" above. See also my comments above on multi-stakeholderism.</div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><blockquote id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE" style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri; border-left-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-left-width: 5px; border-left-style: solid; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 5px; position: static; z-index: auto;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;">·</span><span style="text-indent: -24px; font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span>ensure that all necessary points of view are included in order to arrive at good decisions/agreements</blockquote><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><div><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">In other words, I agree with this more than with the first point.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;"><br></span></div><blockquote id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE" style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri; border-left-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-left-width: 5px; border-left-style: solid; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 5px; position: static; z-index: auto;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -24px;">·</span><span style="text-indent: -24px; font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;">Meaningful participation: anybody affected by decision should be able to impact upon decision-making processes. The group recognised that this would likely involve mechanisms for consensus based decision making. But where consensus was not possible there may need to be alternative supplementary frameworks, such as decision-making by majority vote</span></blockquote><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><div><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">or decentralised collective action</span></div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><blockquote id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE" style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri; border-left-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-left-width: 5px; border-left-style: solid; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 5px; position: static; z-index: auto;">The advantage of these reforms is that they provide greater clarity about how public policy issues are addressed - while potentially enabling pathways from the national through regional to global level discussion and back down. By instituting separate processes for separate issues, issues are dealt as close as possible to people that are touched by them and who have expertise in particular field. This model suggests that there is a need for specific and perhaps time limited groups bringing together governments, companies, engineers, users and civil society and which are co-ordinated by the most relevant international agency if appropriate (e.g. ITU or UNESCO).</blockquote><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><div><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">Maybe you could add "or ICANN" here, so that this does not seem too intergovernmental?</span></div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><blockquote id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE" style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri; border-left-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-left-width: 5px; border-left-style: solid; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 5px; position: static; z-index: auto;">A key decision is whether to endorse a single decision making space for internet policy or to support a dispersed system whereby the right kind of expertise could be assembled issue by issue. A centralised system could be easier to navigate but a dispersed system has, we believe, fewer risks for political or corporate capture and could enable issue-based expertise (including from civil society) to engage on specific issues. On balance we felt a risk/benefit analysis of both approaches weighed more on the side of a dispersed model of governance.</blockquote><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div><div>I would like to add, "but coordinated through a reformed global IGF, as the limitations of the status quo demonstrate the lack of effectiveness of a fully dispersed model”.</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks again for your work on this so far.</div><div style="font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri;"><br></div></div></div><div apple-content-edited="true">
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