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<font face="Verdana">Thanks Andrew, a very important work..<br>
<br>
Would comment later, but yes, it is this kind of clear positions
on what one seeks that it needed at this stage. <br>
<br>
(Of course I do not agree with a good part of the analysis and
conclusions/ outcomes :), and would engage in detail soon.)<br>
<br>
parminder <br>
<br>
</font>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On Monday 13 January 2014 05:35 PM,
Andrew Puddephatt wrote:<br>
</div>
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<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal">Shortly before Xmas Global Partners Digital
and Article 19 met to look at the responses to the survey
monkey I sent out in November. Taking advantage of the
presence of other groups in Geneva earlier the same week, we
managed to bring in representatives from CDT, CTS/FGV, Access,
and Internet Democracy Project. The results of our
conversation are set out below and in a word attachment.
Drawing upon the responses to the survey and other reading
(listed at the end of the document) we looked at:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The case for reform<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Possible criteria for
reforming IG governance<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->An evaluation of the
different proposals for reform<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0
level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Preliminary
conclusions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Our main preliminary conclusion was, after
considering the criteria we set out for an IG system, that a <u>dispersed
system of governance</u> has more benefits and fewer risks
than a centralised system of governance. We go on to conclude
in favour of maintaining a distributed governance regime, but
that it should be strengthened through improving the IGF,
introducing a new coordinating function and a process for ad
hoc issue-specific multistakeholder working groups to deal
with new issues. We also agreed that reforms were needed in
order to globalise oversight at ICANN, but more research is
needed about the options and risks here. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It is going to be a complex process to try
and co-ordinate a response from then list. To simplify
things I suggest that people submit <span style="color:black">three
categories of comments.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">1. There will be
those who fundamentally disagree with the approach put
forward. I suggest that they develop their own approach
find their own collaborators and work on their own ideas.
May a hundred flowers bloom.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">2. Those who
broadly agree but who have substantive comments to make
which require further discussion. I will then collect these
put together an online conference call or some other
mechanism to discuss then in a structured fashion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">3. Those who
broadly agree but have preferences for different phrasing
etc. but who can live with the differences. These I will
collect and try and resolve through e-mail conversation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">We’ve spent a lot
of energy on the question of representation so it would be
good to focus on what it is we would say if we were
represented. And although we should aim to submit something
to Brazil by March 1<sup>st</sup>, this position is one we
can develop and utilise in other forums. If you have other
suggestins on how to pull together different comments, do
let me know. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Andrew Puddephatt<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><u><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">Internet Governance: proposals
for reform </span></u></b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">***Contributors: Access, Article
19, CDT, CTS/FGV, GPD, Internet Democracy Project*** <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">In an effort to work towards a
joint civil society proposal for internet governance reform
- with the aim of feeding into the upcoming Brazilian Global
Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of Internet
Governance and other relevant forums – Global Partners
Digital and Article 19 coordinated a small group of civil
society organisations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">In order to brainstorm and report
back as clearly as possible, the group worked through four
stages in considering both the Best Bits survey responses
and the most prominent civil society proposals for reforming
the IG institutional framework that the contributors were
aware of: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1
level1 lfo2;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">What is the case for reform of IG
and do we have a common understanding of what the problems
with the existing arrangements are?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1
level1 lfo2;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">If there is a case for reform what
are the criteria for a reformed system of IG that should be
applied, assuming we have a basic commitment to human rights
and social justice? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1
level1 lfo2;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">How do the various proposals for
reform stack up against these criteria – what are their
strengths and weaknesses and what potential risks and
benefits.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1
level1 lfo2;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">What are the crucial elements of a
reformed IG system and what are those which we desire but
would be willing to compromise around. Considering the
previous questions, is there a rough consensus among the
group present that we could share with the wider BB
community to enrich the approach? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The below draft represents a
summary of the group analysis and discussion. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">1) Case for reform</span></b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Reviewing and building on the
survey responses, the group identified the following
criticisms of the current IG arrangements: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There is an imbalance of power with
many people and groups, particularly from the global south,
feeling marginalised.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There is insufficient diversity of
voices, including gender and language.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Development issues, as set out in
the original Tunis Agenda, have not been adequately tackled.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The IGF has not satisfactorily
delivered on all elements of its mandate. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Multistakeholderism remains poorly
defined which creates difficulty in its implementation and
evaluation. The term is seen to be increasingly used as a
cover by those resisting change. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There are jurisdictional issues
which remain unresolved. This also often leaves powerful ICT
companies to take important human rights/public interest
decisions. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There is an absence of forums where
jurisdictional issues or global public policies relating to
the internet can be thrashed out. This means governments are
falling back on different national laws and technical
responses which encroach on the global and distributed
functioning of the internet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Furthermore because of the issues
with the current regime, many governments are
pursuing/establishing separate international initiatives to
tackle important issues (such as cybersecurity) which are
not sufficiently transparent, open, multi-stakeholder or
global. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Some governments are increasingly
asserting a doctrine of “state sovereignty” on the global
internet. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There is a lack of clarity about
how or where decisions are made – there is a plurality of
forums with unclear relationships between them. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The internet is unusual as a
communication tool, it has developed from the beginning as
an international medium, and its international character and
the benefits of free expression and access to information
that it brings need to be preserved. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2
level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There is a unique property to the
internet that requires global cooperation and coordination
to make it effective.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">2) Criteria for Internet
Governance <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">NB - The group recognised that
there was an overlap with the BB second Workstream looking
at high level principles. The current suggested baseline for
Workstream 2 are the Brazilian CGI.br principles. Depending
on the outcome of Workstream 2, there could be potential to
unite around a core set of principles. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">After some discussion, the group
set out criteria that they felt were an essential element of
any democratic international governance system. The aim was
to find criteria that could apply to any system of
international governance rather than looking for criteria
that only applied to the internet – in order to avoid the
pitfalls of “internet exceptionalism”. Rather, in a
globalised world, where there are generally very weak lines
of accountability between a government's positions on the
international stage and its electorate back at home, open
international spaces with broad-based participation can be
important opportunities for bringing international decisions
much closer to citizens across the world. In this context,
the group found that the international IG regime, if
developed appropriately, could have implications for wider
international governance systems (beyond the Internet). The
group recognised that these criteria are aspirational and
that any proposed reform would probably not meet all the
criteria. Nonetheless it was found that they provide a
useful framework for assessing any proposed changes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The following mutually-supporting
criteria were found necessary for the governance of complex
global phenomena: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">a)</span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <b>Processes</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6
level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Transparent and comprehensible: it
should be possible for anyone to understand how it works and
how things happen/decisions are made; <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6
level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Accountable: internal and external
accountability process should exist, including a way of
challenging decisions; <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6
level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Effective: in that it can deliver
whatever it is meant to deliver <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6
level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Adaptable: so that it can take
account of new innovations and developments in the field. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">b) Participation</span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4
level1 lfo5;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Inclusive and open: not be a small
exclusive club, but open to many. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4
level1 lfo5;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">All necessary points of view are
included in order to arrive at good decisions/agreements <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4
level1 lfo5;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Possessing the necessary expertise
to make informed decisions <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4
level1 lfo5;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Meaningful participation: anybody
affected by decision should be able to impact upon
decision-making processes. The group recognised that this
would likely involve mechanisms for consensus based decision
making. But where consensus was not possible there may need
to be alternative supplementary frameworks, such as
decision-making by majority vote. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">c) Underlying Values</span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Human rights values should be at
the core of any governance process and outcomes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3
level1 lfo6;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Driven by global public interest
(motivated by an understanding of the internet as a global
public good). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">3) Evaluating Proposals for
Reform <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The next stage was to look at
various suggested reforms to the current system, drawn from
the survey and other sources. The list of models analysed
below is not exhaustive. Please forgive the brevity and
crudeness of the model titles and their descriptions - they
are indicative only. More details about the proposals can be
found in the sources listed at the end of the document.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:solid windowtext
1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none;border:none;padding:0cm"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">UN Committee Model<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none;border:none;padding:0cm"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Model proposed by the Indian
government for a new UN Committee made up of 50 member
states, with four advisory committees made up of
different stakeholder groups. The Committee would have
mandate over global internet-related public policy
issues, and oversight of the technical bodies. IT for
Change has also promoted this model with the exception
that oversight of the technical bodies would reside in a
separate Technical Oversight and Advisory Board formed
of technical experts nominated by governments.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-autospace:none;border:none;padding:0cm"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">Multi-stakeholder
Internet Policy Council (as proposed by Jeremy
Malcolm)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">A new
multi-stakeholder internet policy council (MIPC) under
the auspices of the IGF. MIPC would be made up of equal
numbers from civil society, private sector, government
and technical/academic communities, and observers from
international organisations). The MIPC would take up
issues forwarded to it by rough consensus in IGF
plenaries. The MIPC would attempt to agree, by rough
consensus, an IGF recommendation on that issue. The
recommendations would be non-binding, but could call for
the development of binding rules by other institutions
where appropriate, which would generally be at the
national level. <o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span
style="text-decoration:none"> </span></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">Multi-stakeholder
Internet Policy Council (as proposed by Wolfgang
Kleinwachter)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">A new
multi-stakeholder internet policy council (MIPOC)
attached to the IGF. MIPOC could be composed similarly
to the WG on Enhanced Cooperation. The MIPOC would be a
coordinating body – identifying issues raised at the IGF
and recommending an appropriate mechanism to address
those issues, either a pre-existing mechanism (e.g. an
intergovernmental organisation, a technical
organisation, a combination) or a new one. New
mechanisms could be ad hoc multistakeholder working
groups with mandates to address specific issues by rough
consensus. <o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span
style="text-decoration:none"> </span></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">Distributed
Multi-stakeholder Processes Model (as proposed by
Internet Democracy Project)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p
style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""
lang="EN-US">This model also envisions a coordinating
body on the lines of the MIPOC model above, however the
coordinating body would be housed in the CSTD instead of
the IGF. The function of the IGF would in this model be
one of a clearing house only. In addition, this model
suggests that, where possible, the WSIS action lines
should be taken as a guideline for deciding which
pre-existing institution has a mandate covering a
specific internet issue. Once an appropriate institution
is identified, this institution would then be
responsible for developing an appropriate
multi-stakeholder process to respond to that issue.</span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""
lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span
style="text-decoration:none"> </span></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><b><i><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">Self-forming
multi-stakeholder issue processes (as demonstrated
by Internet & Jurisdiction Project) <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">Processes can
self-create to develop voluntary solutions to specific
internet issues. Similarly to the model for adoption of
technical standards: the better a solution the more
likely it is to be adopted. For higher likelihood of
voluntary adoption, these processes should involve
experts and powerful players, such as key governments.
However, the Internet & Jurisdiction Project’s model
appears to be more of a ‘proof of concept’ that could
feasibly be institutionalized within one of the models
outlined above. <o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm"><i><span
style="font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Looking at the UN Committee model
and applying the criteria above, the model has real
strengths in the clarity of process and therefore enabling
anyone to understand how it works and how things
happen/decisions are made. It could also meet the
effectiveness criteria in terms of coming up with detailed
policy recommendations. On the other hand, its proposed
mandate seemed very broad and more clarification is needed
about potential clashes with existing mandates, such as that
of the ITU or UNESCO. As a UN Committee with a central role
for governments, and based on experience of similar bodies,
there is a real risk it would be dominated by geo-political
interests. As a single body with oversight – potentially –
of all public policy issues related to the internet, the
group felt there was a risk that the body would not have the
requisite expertise to make informed decisions across all
issues. While it could draw upon the work of advisory
groups, it was unclear how they would be composed and
whether any fixed group of people would have the capability
to tackle a wide range of policy issues. The advisory nature
of the stakeholder groups would also create risks that those
impacted by decisions would not necessarily be able to help
shape them. Furthermore there was a question over the
feasibility (time-wise) of a single group responding to all
issues, particularly as it is envisaged meeting just a few
times per year. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Other proposals for reform, while
varied in their level of centralisation, suggest a greater
role for non-governmental stakeholder groups. All of these
models seem to envision the IGF playing a more or less
central role as a clearing house for identifying issues
which need tackling and for each issue process to inform,
engage and be accountable to a wider Internet community. One
advantage of these models was seen to be the possibility for
enabling pathways from the national through regional to
global level discussion and back down by tying all processes
to a wider discussion at the IGFs. Another advantage was
seen to be that building on the strengths of the IGF could
foster openness, inclusivity and accountability to the wider
internet community. There were, however, concerns given
that the IGF hasn’t satisfactorily delivered on all elements
of its mandate. For example, should the MIPC/MIPOC models
derive their mandate and agenda from IGF discussions – this
would require a more output-oriented IGF. Thus, improving
the IGF was seen as critical to instituting these models. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A key feature of most of the above
models, which the group strongly supported, was the
introduction of a new coordinating function in the current
internet governance regime. The multi-stakeholder makeup of
the coordinating body was also strongly supported by the
group. The advantage of these models was seen to be the
fact that they would provide greater clarity (compared to
the current situation) about how public policy issues are
addressed. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">In looking at these models, they
also all maintain a distributed approach where many
institutions are involved in different aspects of
internet-related public policy. The group specifically
supported the concept of maintaining/instituting separate
processes for separate issues for several reasons.
Distributing power was seen as protection against
power-grabs, which many saw as the main concern with the
more centralised approach in the </span>UN Committee model
<span style="font-size:12.0pt">– and to a lesser extent
Jeremy’s MIPC model. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A distributed model was seen as
having the advantage of drawing in expertise as necessary
based on the issue at hand, and of being more dynamic and
adaptable given the fast-changing internet environment.
However, a degree of institutionalisation of any distributed
model was seen to be essential to counteract power
imbalances. For example, self-forming multi-stakeholder
processes are likely to disadvantage those without power and
resources.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There were, however, questions
about the effectiveness of the distributed models as they
retain some of the challenges of the current regime. The </span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">UN Committee model </span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">was more similar to existing
governance frameworks making it easier to understand. The
other models involve new and innovative ways of working. The
group felt that the Internet & Jurisdiction project may
be a useful test bed for the modalities of such an approach.<s>
</s><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">4) Existing Institutions<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The group looked at a strand of
suggestions around sustaining the current structures,
particularly the IGF and ICANN, but reforming them to an
extent that would allow issues with the current system to be
sufficiently addressed. NB these reforms could happen
alongside the ideas above considering the overall governance
regime.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">IGF <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The group looked at proposals for
improving the IGF (see list of sources below). There were a
number of areas where necessary reforms were identified: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo7;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Providing stronger leadership;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo7;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A better funded and supported
secretariat;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo7;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Stronger links between the IGF (and
discussions at the IGF) and all spaces involved in the
dispersed internet governance system;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo7;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Clearing house function;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo7;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">More output-orientated; <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo7;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Connecting the global annual IGF to
a more structured series of national and regional IGFs to
ensure that this is a clear path for issues of concern
raised at a national and regional level finding their way to
global consideration and back down to the regional and
national levels;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo7;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Widening participation (esp.
unrepresented e.g. global south governments and civil
society, high level policy-makers, staff of all institutions
involved in internet-related policy making, small to medium
businesses);<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5
level1 lfo7;text-autospace:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt
"Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Reforming the Multistakeholder
Advisory Group.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">ICANN <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">In the case of ICANN, the group
felt that globalising ICANN (including removing the
privilege of the US which was seen as important though
largely symbolic) remains an issue to be resolved as it
might involve both location and structure. However, the
group felt that it was necessary to examine closely the
different options - and timeframes - for doing so in order
to determine their potential risks and suggest appropriate
solutions. Article 19 agreed to co-ordinate further work on
this issue.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">5) Preliminary conclusions <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">From the response to the survey and
by analysing various alternative models using the criteria
set out above, there seems to be potential to come to a
rough consensus combining a number of ideas commanding broad
support among civil society. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Dispersed vs. centralised</span></u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A key point was whether a single
decision making space would be more appropriate versus a
dispersed system whereby the right kind of expertise could
be assembled issue by issue. A centralised system could be
easier to navigate but a dispersed system had fewer risks
for political or corporate capture and enabled issue-based
expertise (including from civil society) to engage on
specific issues. <b>On balance we felt the risk/benefit of
both approaches weighed more on the side of a dispersed
model of governance</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Broad participation & role of
reformed IGF</span></u><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Another key point of agreement was
in looking for ways to involve as broad as possible
communities in internet governance. The IGF was seen as an
important space for achieving this. For instance, a reformed
IGF could act as a central space for learning about and
feeding into all internet-related public policies within a
dispersed system. <b>The reform could entail: a stronger
leadership, a better supported secretariat, stronger links
between the IGF and all other internet-related
policy-making spaces, a strong link to national and
regional IGFs, more output-orientated, widening
participation and reforming the MAG.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A new co-ordinating function<o:p></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">There was general interest in the
idea of creating a new coordinating function to facilitate
the coherence and effectiveness of internet-related policy
making within a distributed model. All agreed that the
coordinating group should be multi-stakeholder but there was
no decision on where that group should be constituted (e.g.
at the CSTD or attached to the IGF). <b>A new coordinating
function is needed. More discussion is needed about the
form, location and processes by which that function is
exercised. </b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p><span
style="text-decoration:none"> </span></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Issue-specific multistakeholder
working groups </span></u><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">When a new issue arises that needs
a policy response, there was broad agreement that these
should be resolved through ad hoc multi-stakeholder working
groups were developed to deal with specific issues. There
wasn’t a decision yet on where/how those working groups
should be formed (i.e. by different institutions with
mandate over different issues, by a working group tied to
CSTD, by a working group tied to IGF). Also, on decision
making there was broad agreement that the groups would
ideally work by consensus with the option to shift to
another process where necessary and appropriate (including
multilateral processes, e.g. to draft a treaty). <b>New
internet policy issues should be dealt with through ad hoc
multi-stakeholder working groups which are issue specific.</b>
<b>More discussion is needed about the form, location and
processes of those multi-stakeholder working groups.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p><span
style="text-decoration:none"> </span></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;text-autospace:none"><u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">ICANN reform</span></u><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">A reformed ICANN – details to be
worked on further.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt">6) List of Sources<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://internetdemocracy.in/reports/a-third-way-proposal-for-a-decentralised-democratic-internet-governance-involving-all-stakeholders/"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://internetdemocracy.in/reports/a-third-way-proposal-for-a-decentralised-democratic-internet-governance-involving-all-stakeholders/</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.internetjurisdiction.net/"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.internetjurisdiction.net/</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.itforchange.net/sites/default/files/ITfC/%20%20Dev%20agenda%20in%20IG%20200412.pdf"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.itforchange.net/sites/default/files/ITfC/%20%20Dev%20agenda%20in%20IG%20200412.pdf</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/india-statement-un-cirp"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/india-statement-un-cirp</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/india-to-push-for-freeing-internet-from-us-control/article5434095.ece?homepage=true"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/india-to-push-for-freeing-internet-from-us-control/article5434095.ece?homepage=true</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.intgovforum.org/contributions/IETF-as-model.pdf"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.intgovforum.org/contributions/IETF-as-model.pdf</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/a67d65_en.pdf"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/a67d65_en.pdf</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://unctad.org/Sections/un_cstd/docs/cstd2011d22_Major_EN.pdf"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://unctad.org/Sections/un_cstd/docs/cstd2011d22_Major_EN.pdf</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://bestbits.net/notes-on-an-igf-plus/"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://bestbits.net/notes-on-an-igf-plus/</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.internetgovernance.org/2013/10/16/a-blueprint-for-the-future-oversight-of-icann/"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.internetgovernance.org/2013/10/16/a-blueprint-for-the-future-oversight-of-icann/</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://igfwatch.org/discussion-board/my-proposal-to-the-cstd-working-group-on-enhanced-cooperation#-8xHg3pRMAMtJ2UVoZcsOg"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://igfwatch.org/discussion-board/my-proposal-to-the-cstd-working-group-on-enhanced-cooperation#-8xHg3pRMAMtJ2UVoZcsOg</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.diplomacy.edu/sites/default/files/May%202013%20IG%20webinar%20PDF%20-%20Dr%20Jeremy%20Malcolm.pdf"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://www.diplomacy.edu/sites/default/files/May%202013%20IG%20webinar%20PDF%20-%20Dr%20Jeremy%20Malcolm.pdf</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.0pt;text-autospace:none"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://unctad.org/en/Pages/CSTD/WGEC-Responses.aspx"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">http://unctad.org/en/Pages/CSTD/WGEC-Responses.aspx</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:7.0pt;line-height:115%;text-autospace:none"><b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Andrew
Puddephatt</span></b><b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">
</span></b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">|
</span><b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">GLOBAL
PARTNERS</span></b><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">
DIGITAL<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height:115%;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#253741;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Executive
Director</span><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#FF2126;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height:115%;text-autospace:none"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Development
House, 56–64 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4LT<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F">T:
+44 (0)20 7549 0336 | M: +44 (0)771 339 9597 | Skype:
andrewpuddephatt</span><span
style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F"><br>
<b>gp-digital.org</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
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